12 Nharaunda Yezvakatipoteredza Unofanira Kuziva

Vatsigiri vezvakatipoteredza vakave nechinetso chikuru muupenyu hwedu, asi vanhu vazhinji havagoni kutumidza zita rekuzivikanwa kwezvakatipoteredza. Heino runyora rwemasayendisiti gumi nematanhatu ane simba, vanochengetedza zvinhu, vanoona nezvekugadzirisa zvipenyu uye vamwe vatungamiri vanokanganisa vanhu vose vanofanirwa kuziva avo vakabatsira kuve nekufambisa kwemavara .

• 01 ye12

  John Muir, Naturalist uye munyori

  John Muir (1838-1914) akaberekerwa kuScotland ndokuenda kuWisconsin semukomana muduku. Hupenyu hwake hwose hwekufamba-famba hwakatanga sejaya paaifamba kuGulf of Mexico. Muir akapedza zvakawanda zvehupenyu hwake hwevanhu vakuru vachifamba-uye vachirwisana kuchengetedza - renje rekumadokero United States, kunyanya California. Kuedza kwake kusina simba kwakaita kuti kusikwa kwe Yosemite National Park, Sequoia National Park uye mamiriyoni eimwe nzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa. Muir aive nesimba guru kune vatungamiriri vazhinji vezuva rake, kusanganisira Theodore Roosevelt. Muna 1892, Muir nevamwe vakagadzira Sierra Club "kuita kuti makomo afare."

• 02 ye12

  Rachel Carson, Scientist uye Author

  Rachel Carson (1907-1964) anotarirwa nevakawanda sevakiki vemazuva ano zvakasikwa. Akaberekerwa mumaruwa ePennsylvania, akaenderera mberi achidzidza biology paJohn Hopkins University uye Woods Hole Marine Biological Laboratory. Mushure mekushanda kweSouth America Fish uye Wildlife Service, Carson yakabudisa Inyanzvi Yedu uye mamwe mabhuku. Basa rake rakakurumbira, zvakadaro, raive muna 1962 rakakavhiringidza Silent Spring , iro raakatsanangura kuparadza kwakakonzera kuti zvipembenene zvinenge zvichitambura mumhepo. Kunyange zvazvo akafuridzirwa nemakemikari makambani nevamwe, zvakaratidzwa Carson zvakaratidza zvakajeka uye zvinouraya zvinouraya seDDT zvakaguma zvarambidzwa.

• 03 of 12

  Edward Abbey, Munyori uye Monkey-Wrencher

  Edward Abbey (1927-1989) aiva mumwe weAmerica akazvitsaurirwa-uye akanyanyisa-vanyori venharaunda. Akazvarwa muPennsylvania, anozivikanwa zvikuru nekuda kwekudzivirirwa kwake kwekuda kwemarenje eSouth-Southwest. Mushure mekushanda kweNational Park Service mune izvo zvino yava Arches National Park muUtah, Abbey akanyora Desert Solitaire , rimwe remabasa ekudzivirira kwezvakatipoteredza. Bhuku rake rakazotevera, The Monkey Wrench Gang , rakagutsikana sekufuridzirwa kwepasi rose rakasikwa yepasi pepasi Earth First! iyo yave yakapomerwa eco-kuparadza vamwe, kusanganisira vazhinji vanogara vepakati vemazvakatipoteredza.

• 04 ye12

  Aldo Leopold, Ecologist uye Munyori

  Aldo Leopold (1887-1948) inofungidzirwa nevamwe kuva godfather yekuchengetedzwa kwerenje uye yezvinogadziriswa kwezvakagadzirwa nemhepo. Mushure mekunge adzidza masango paYunivhesiti yeYale, akashandira US Forest Service. Kunyange zvazvo pakutanga akakumbira kuuraya mabheya, mabhegi nedzimwe mhuka dzinoparadza nyika yehurumende nekuda kwekupemberera kwevachengeti vemunharaunda, iye akazoshandisa nzira yakakwana yekutarisira kutonga kwerenje. Bhuku raKe rakanyanya kuzivikanwa, A Sand County Almanac , rinoramba riri rimwe remashoko anonyanya kurongedza kuchengetedza renje rakambove yakanyorwa.

• 05 of 12

  Julia Hill, Environmental Activist

  Julia "Butterfly" Hill (1974-) ndeyeye nyanzvi dzezvakatipoteredza dzakawanda dziripo nhasi. Mushure mokunge ava kuda kufa mumotokari yemotokari muna 1996, akazvitsaurira hupenyu hwake kune zvikonzero zvakatipoteredza. Kwenguva yemakore maviri, Gomo raigara mumatavi ekare redwood (iyo yaakatumidza zita rokuti Luna) kuchamhembe kweCalifornia kuti ichengetedze kubva pakugurwa. Chigaro chake chemuti chakava mhirizhonga yenyika yose célèbre, uye Gomo rinoramba richibatanidzwa mune zvakatipoteredza uye zvemagariro evanhu.

• 06 of 12

  Henry David Thoreau, Munyori uye Mumiririri

  Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862) aiva mumwe weAmerica wokutanga muzivi-munyori-vatsigiri, uye achiri chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvikuru. Muna 1845, Thoreau - akavhiringidzika nehupenyu hwakawanda hwemazuva ano - akasarudzwa kugara oga muimba duku yaakavaka pedyo negungwa reWalden Pond muMassachusetts. Makore maviri aakapedza kurarama hupenyu hwekunzwisisa kwakange huri kufemerwa kwaWalden, kana kuti A Life muHots , kufungisisa nezvehupenyu uye zvisikwa zvinonzi zvinofanira-zvinofanira kuverengwa kune vese vezvakatipoteredza. Thoreau akanyorawo chikamu chakakosha chezvematongerwe enyika chinonzi Resistance to Civil Government ( Civil Disobedience ) iyo yakarondedzera kushaya tsika kwehurumende dzinokunda.

• 07 pa12

  Theodore Roosevelt, Politician uye Conservationist

  Zvinogona kushamisika vamwe kuti mutungamiri mukuru wemuvhimi aikwanisa kuitisa kune rumwe rutivi rwezvakatipoteredza, asi Theodore Roosevelt (1858-1919) akanga ari mumwe wemashiripiti anoshanda zvikuru ekuchengetedzwa kwerenje murenje. Sezvo ari gavhuna weNew York, akatsemura kushandiswa kwemapapiro sekushongedza kwekufuka kuitira kuti kudzivisa kuurawa kweimwe shiri. Kunyange zvazvo mutungamiriri weUnited States (1901-1909), Roosevelt akaisa mazana ezviuru zvemamiriyoni erenje, achitsvaka kuchengetedza ivhu uye mvura, uye akagadzira masango makumi maviri emasango, zvivako zvenyika, mapariki emarudzi uye zvikara zvekugara.

• 08 ye12

  Gifford Pinchot, Forester uye Conservationist

  Gifford Pinchot (1865-1946) aiva mwanakomana wematanda ematanda uyo akazozvidemba pamusoro pekukuvadza kwaakanga aita kumahlathi eMelika. Pakusimbisa kwake, Pinchot akadzidza masango kwemakore akawanda uye akasarudzwa neMutungamiri Grover Cleveland kuvaka sarudzo yekutarisa maSango emavirira ezasi. Basa iroro rakaenderera mberi apo Theodore Roosevelt akamukumbira kuti atungamirire US Forest Service. Nguva yake muhofisi yakanga isina kushorwa, zvakadaro; iye akarwisana naJohn Muir pachena pamusoro pekuparadzwa kwematurakiti emurenje saHetch Hetchy muCalifornia, uyewo achitongerwa nemakambani ematanda ekuvhara nyika kusvika pakushandiswa kwavo.

• 09 ye12

  Chico Mendes, Conservationist uye Mushandi

  Chico Mendes (1944-1988) anozivikanwa zvikuru nekuda kwekuedza kwake pakuponesa miti yemvura yeBrazil kubva pakugadzira miti nekugadzira zvinhu. Mendes akauya achibva kumhuri yevakohwi verubha vakawedzera mari yavo kuburikidza nekuunganidza nutsvina nemimwe michero yemvura. Alarmed pa kuparadzwa kweAmerica rainforest, akabatsira kupisa pasi rose kutsigirwa kwekuchengetedzwa kwayo. Zvishamiso zvake, zvisinei, zvakashungurudzika zvine simba rekushandira uye matanda zvaidiwa - Mendes akaurayiwa nemombe dzinokwana makore 44.

• 10 pa12

  Wangari Maathai, Political Activist uye Environmentalist

  Wangari Maathai (1940-2011) akanga ari wezvakatipoteredza uye wezvematongerwo enyika muKenya. Mushure mekudzidza bhaziology muUnited States, akadzokera kuKenya kuti atange basa rakabatanidza zvakatipoteredza uye zvemagariro evanhu. Maathai akatanga nheyo yeGreen Belt Movement muAfrica uye akabatsira kudyara miti inopfuura mamiriyoni makumi matatu, achipa mabasa kune vasingashandi asiwo kudzivirira kudengenyeka kwenyika nekuchengetedza huni. Akasarudzwa kuti ave mubatsiri wehutungamiri muHurumende yeHurumende neRwanda, uye muna 2004 Maathai akapiwa mubayiro weNobel Peace Prize paanoramba achirwira kodzero dzevakadzi, kudzvinyirirwa mune zvezvematongerwo enyika uye nzvimbo dzakasikwa.

• 11 pa12

  Gaylord Nelson, Politician uye Environmentalist

  Hapana rimwe zita rinowanzobatanidzwa neZuva rePasi pane raGaylord Nelson (1916-2005). Mushure mokudzoka kubva kuHondo Yenyika II, Nelson akatanga basa rezvematongerwe enyika uye mushudziri wezvakatipoteredza aifanira kupedza hupenyu hwake hwose. Sezvo ari gavhuna weWisconsin, akasika kunze kwekunze kwekunakidzwa kwekugadzirisa purogiramu yakachengetedza mamiriyoni imwe ekere ye parkland. Akashanda mukukudziridza kwenzira yenyika yose (kusanganisira Appalachian Trail) uye kubatsira kudarika Wilderness Act, Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act, uye imwe mitemo inoshamisa yezvakatipoteredza. Iye angangodaro anozivikanwa zvikuru sevakiki vePasi Pasi , iro rava mhemberero dzepasi rose yezvinhu zvose zvakasikwa.

• 12 pa12

  David Brower, Environmental Activist

  David Brower (1912-2000) ave achibatanidzwa nekuchengetedzwa kwerenje kubvira paakatanga kukwira makomo sejaya. Brower akagadzwa sachigaro mukuru weSierra mu 1952; pamusoro pemakore gumi nemana anotevera, nhengo yakakura kubva pa2,000 kusvika ku7000, uye yakakunda kukunda kwezvakatipoteredza. Nzira yake yekurwisana, zvisinei, akawana Brower akadzingwa kubva kuSierra Club - asi zvakadaro akaenderera mberi kuwana shamwari dzeSangano, Earth Island Institute uye League of Conservation Voters.