Eutrophication inogona kukonzera kuuraya algal blooms - asi sei?
Eutrophication inetso yakaoma yezvakatipoteredza munyika yose, uye kunyange zvazvo tichiziva chikonzero, hapana zvakawanda zviri kuitwa kuti zvigadzirise. Tsvaga chokwadi pa eutrophication uye iyo algal inokurudzira iyo inokonzera.
Chii chinonzi Eutrophication?
Mukutaura kwakajeka, eutrophication inzvimbo yakakwirira yezvibereko mumuviri wemvura. Izvi zvinovaka muviri - kazhinji nitrogen uye phosphorus - ndezvokudya zvezvisikwa zvegungwa semagetsi, plankton kana zvimwe zvipembenene.
Eutrophication inogonawo kuitika kunze kwemvura; somuenzaniso, ivhu rinogona kuva eutrophic kana vane yakakwirira ye nitrogen, phosphorus kana zvimwe zvinovaka muviri.
Eutrophication inowanzoitika apo mvura inonaya kubva kumunda wakakura, yakagadzirwa gorofu, kutamba minda uye mashizha inopinda mumugungwa, gungwa, gungwa kana imwe mvura yemvura. Inowanzonziwo kana kushambwa kwemvura, zvichibatwa kana kusatorwa, kunopinda mumuviri wemvura, uye apo kubudiswa kwemasanganisi eepptic inopinda mumugungwa kana padzi. Mimwe yemidziyo yakawanda yemakemikari ndeyeCCAs, kana kuti yakanyanyisa kufara kwemhuka.
Zvose izvi zvinobva mumigumisiro yakakosha-michero yakawanda yemuriwo wemiti , asi apo izvo zvinovaka muviri zvinopinda mumvura, zvinopa huwandu hwevanhu pakati pezvinyorwa nezvimwe zvipenyu. Mugumisiro wacho ndeye algal bloom, iyo inotarisa chaizvo sezvinonzwika - nzizi, makungwa, uye mazamu aimbova akajeka zvakangoerekana zvakasvibira ane algae.
Izvi zvinowanzozonzi pond scum kana duckweed kana ichionekwa mumakungwa kana mitsvuku. Apo eutrophication inowanikwa mumhenderekedzo yegungwa uye huwandu hwemamwe marudzi ezvinyorwa zviduku zvinonzi dinoflagellates zvinoputika, mvura inogona kutsva, tsvuku kana kuti pinki - izvi zvinowanzozivikanwa se "marara matsvuku."
Kunyange zvazvo dzakawanda zvezvirwere zvakanyanya kuitika zvinokonzerwa nemabasa evanhu, dzimwe nguva yakaitika zvakasikwa.
Apo chitubu chemvura inopedza huwandu hwakawanda hwezvibereko kubva munyika kuenda mugungwa, eutrophication inogona kuguma, kunyange zvazvo kazhinji kacho kurarama kwenguva pfupi.
Migumisiro yeEutrophication uye Algal Blooms
Kunze kwekuve wakaipa, apo inonzi algal bloom inoitika, inoparadza zvikuru mhuka dzemvura. Sezvo huwandu hwevanhu vanorarama pamwe nehumwe hupenyu hunobereka, vazhinji vanofa zvakare, uye miviri yavo inonyura kusvika pasi pegungwa kana gungwa. Nokufamba kwenguva, humwe hutete hwehupenyu hwakafa uye hunoparara huzadza pasi.
Mishonga inokonzera zvipenyu izvi zvakafa inoshandisa oxygen mukugadzirisa. Mugumisiro ndiko kupera kwe okisijeni mumvura, chiitiko chinonzi hypoxia. Sezvo hove dzakawanda, mazaya, mollusk nemamwe mhuka dzemvura zvichienderana nemhepo yakadai semafuta anogara panyika, mugumisiro wekupedzisira we eutrophication uye algal blooms ndiko kusikwa kwenzvimbo isina mhuka dzemvura dzinogona kurarama - nzvimbo yakafa.
Nharaunda dzakafa dzinokonzerwa ne eutrophication inetso iri kukura munyika yose: Maererano nemamwe mabhuku, 54 muzana yemakungwa eAsia ndiwo eutrophic; iyo nhamba yakafanana nemakungwa muEurope, iyo iri kuNorth America, inenge hafu yemakungwa inotambura ne eutrophication.
Kurasikirwa kwehupenyu hwemvura kunoparadza zvikuru mune zvekurima uye kubata hove.
Maererano nevatsvakurudzi veCarlton College vakatsvaga nzvimbo yakafa yakafa muGulf of Mexico, iyo mvura yemvura "ndiyo inonyanya kukosha yekushambadzira kwegungwa. Gulf inopa 72 muzana yemashizha ekukohwa kweUnited States, 66 muzana yezvakohwewa, uye 16 muzana yehove dzekutengeserana. Nokudaro, kana nzvimbo ye hypo hypo [nzvimbo yevakafa] ichienderera mberi kana ichikuvadza, vabati vehove uye mamiriro ehurumende hupfumi huchagadziriswa zvikuru. "
Iko kunopfuurira kunopfuura mberi kwemabhizimisi ekuredza, zvisinei. Kubata hove, iyo inofambisa mutengesi wemabhizimisi, uyewo inotambura nekurashikirwa kwemari. Uye kurara kunogona kuita kuti munhu ave nehutano hwakanaka: Hasi chete vanhu vanogona kurwara zvakanyanya nekudya maoster na dzimwe shellfish zvakasvibiswa nehutsvuku chemaini, dinoflagellate inokonzera marara matsvuku anogona kukonzera ziso, ganda uye kupumha kushungurudza (kukwezva, kuchenesa, kubvarura, nekuchenesa) kuvashambira, vafambisi vezvikepe uye vagari vemunharaunda.
Nzira Yokudzora Eutrophication
Matanho atotorwa kutora kupararira kwemvura eutrophic: Low-phosphate detergents inokurumidza kuve yakasikwa, uye kushandiswa kwavo kunogumisa kuputika kwemishonga ye phosphate muhova nemakungwa.
Kuwedzerwa ukuru uye kusiyana-siyana kwemvura yakadzika, nzvimbo dzepamusoro uye nharaunda yemasikirwo ezvisikwa zvinobatsira kuchengetedza runoff yemvura inovaka muviri muhova nemakungwa. Uye zvirongwa zvinoshandiswa pakuchengetedza kwemvura uye septic tank mitemo zvikuru inoderedza kuwandisa kwemhepo, zvichiita kuti vashoma vargal blooms.
Pane kunetseka kwechokwadi, zvisinei, kuti kuwedzera kwekuda kwekurima kwekurima kwepurazi kuchaenderera mberi kuunza kuwedzera kwekushandisa phosphate- uye nitrogen-rich fertilizer , iyo inoita kuti kukura kwe eutrophic yakafa nzvimbo. Kusvikira dambudziko iri rakataurirwa, nzvimbo idzi dzakafa dzinogona kutarisirwa kuwedzera nekukura.