Kubvunzurudzwa kweMusi wekutanga wePasi reNyika yakasarudzwa kure nekutanga kwayo
Zuva rePasi rakaberekerwa muna 1970, munyika inoparadzaniswa nemakakatanwa ezvematongerwo enyika uye yakasimbiswa nekusununguka kwekuita zvechisimba. Nguva dzaiva-changin ', uye kusingafungidziki kuitika kwevanhu uye zviitiko zvakatungamirira kuChemberero yekutanga yepasi rese musi waApril 22, 1970.
Asi mbeu yeZuva rePasi rakasimwa makore akawanda apfuura apo vashoma vevasayendisiti nevadziviriri vekuchengetedza vakaziva kuti kushamisa kwekupedzisira-hondo kukura kweAmerican indasitiri - uye mushumiri wayo mumhepo uye kusvibiswa kwemvura-kwaiva kuparadza zvizhinji zvezvisikwa.
The Environment Movement uye Earth Day
Muna 1962, Rachel Carson, mumwe musurugare akanyarara kubva papurazi rePennsylvania akazova nyanzvi yezvinyorwa zvezvinyorwa uye munyori wezvakasikwa, rakabudisa Silent Spring , jeremiad kurwisana nekupfira kweDDT nemamwe pesticidhe. Nokupomera kushandiswa kwavo kwekupararira kwemajoni nemhuka dzakapararira, anorumbidzwa nekupa sangano rezvakatipoteredza rakasimba rakanyatsoshandiswa nesayenzi.
Zvimwe zviitiko mumakore ekuma1960 zvakagadziriswa kwevanhu pachena nezvekuparadzwa kwezvakatipoteredza. Kusvibiswa kwemweya muLos Angeles, New York City nedzimwe nzvimbo dzomumaguta kwakanga kwasvika zvakanyanya kukuvadza zvakakosha kuti hutano hwevanhu hwakakosha uye husingatenderwi.
Kukura kwevanhu, kukurudzira kwaPauro Erlich's seminal 1968 inonyanya kukoshesa Bhomba yeVanhu , yainzi mhosva yekudzvara minda nemasango kuita zvidzitiro zviduku. Uye mune zvingangodaro njodzi yakakurumbira yakaitwa nevanhu mumakore gumi, Rwizi rweChiohoga rweOhio, rwakayerera neCleveland nemamwe maguta emabhizimisi, rwakabatwa moto muna 1969 kubva pane zvose zvinotyisa zvinogara zvichishandurwa mukati maro.
Gaylord Nelson uye zuva rekutanga repasi pano
Yaiva panguva ino Sénator Gaylord Nelson , demo reDemocrat rekuchengeteka kubva kuWisconsin, kutanga kuronga kuita kuchengetedza kwekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza kunokosha kwenyika. Kunyange muna 1963 akagonesa Mutungamiri Kennedy kuenda kune imwe nyika "kuratidzwa kwekuchengetedza," zvishoma zvakabva pane zvematongerwo enyika.
Gore iroro, Nelson akaisa mutemo wekurambidza DDT: hapana imwe nhengo yeCongress yakabatana nayo.
Nelson, undeterred, akacherechedza kuti masangano mashomanana akanga awana kubudirira mune mukusimudzira nyaya dzezvakatipoteredza munzvimbo. Akafuridzirwa nezviitiko izvi, uye nehuwandu huri kukura hwekurwisana kwehondo uye "dzidziso-dzidziso" dzakanga dzabuda munyika yose, Nelson akasarudza muna 1969 kuti zuva rimwe chete rakapiwa kune dzidziso yezvakatipoteredza-mune inogona kuva nzira yakakwana yokuisa kusvibiswa , kudyarwa kwemasango uye dzimwe nharo dzeguruva pamusoro pezvematongerwe enyika.
Kutaura pamusangano muSeattle munaSeptember 1969, Nelson akarayira kuti mukati megore ra1970 kunenge kune gungwa-kune-kugarisa kuratidzwa kwemashoko panzvimbo yezvido zvezvakatipoteredza - uye mumashoko aNelson, "Mhinduro yaiva magetsi. kureba sezvinoita mabhendi. "
Vanhu vari munyika yose vakanga vanga vachitsvaga nzvimbo yekutakura kuti vabudise chimiro chavo chekusimudzira zvakatipoteredza. Nelson akatorawo chikwata chezere-peji muThe New York Times munaJanuary 1970, achizivisa kuti Zuva rePasi raizoitika musi weChitatu, April 22. Zuva rakasarudzwa nekuda kwekugadzirisa nguva nemararamiro ekirasi yevadzidzi, kutonhora kwemhepo uye kusakwikwidza mazororo.
Mabasa Emunzvimbo Zuva reNyika
Kunyange zvazvo Nelson akabatsira kugadzira sangano rakasununguka - Environmental Teach-In, Inc., rakatungamirirwa naDenis Hayes, mudzidzi wezvidzidzo - kuti agadzirise mafashamo ekukumbira ruzivo, seneta akatsigira kuti World Day iite urongwa panzvimbo . Izvi zvakaratidza kuva pfungwa yakafuridzirwa, sezvo vanhu vainge vakanyanyogadziriswa munhau dzine chokuita nemharaunda yavo nemhuri.
Musi waApril 22, 1970, yakatanga kuve yakanaka uye ine unyoro, ine denga rebhuruu munyika dzakawanda dzenyika. Nokuwanda kwekufungidzira, vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni makumi maviri vakatora mumigwagwa, zvakanyanya kudarika kunyange tarisiro yakasimba zvikuru. Republicans, Democrats, vana vechikoro, vadzidzi vekoroji, vashandi vehurumende, vashandi vekudzimba, vanachiremba, vatungamiriri vezvitendero, mabhengi, vatorwa, varimi uye vose vari pakati pavanobatanidzwa mumakumi ezviuru zvemafambiro emunharaunda, mapurisa, mapurisa, mhirizhonga nezvimwe "zviitiko."
The History of Earth Day Resonates
Zuva rekutanga rePasi rese rakaonekwa sekubudirira kupisa. Chiitiko chacho chaiva pepanhau rekumusoro-soro kunenge pose pose, uye kugoverwa kwaive kwakanaka kwazvo. Chiitiko ichi chakaita kuti vanhu vave nepfungwa dzekukosha kwemamiriro ezvinhu ezvakatipoteredza semunharaunda munharaunda uye yekutanga mune zvematongerwe enyika. Kune vatori vechikamu vazhinji, Zuva rePasi rakaratidza kuchinja kwehupenyu hwavo, apo kushandiswa kusina maturo uye kusina kushandiswa kwemashandisirwo emabhizimusi kwakangoerekana kwakanyatsotarisisa.
Zuva rePasi rakagadziriswa, pamunhu oga uye mune zvematongerwo enyika, kwemakore anopfuura makumi mana. Mumwedzi yakawanda mushure mechiitiko ichocho chekutanga, Endangered Species Act, Clean Air Act, iyo Safe Drinking Water Act uye zvimwe zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemitemo zvakapfuura. Kune imwe nhamba inoshamisa, Nyika yezuva rekuchengetedzwa kwenyika kune, nyika, uye mvura. Uye apo, muna 1990, Zuva rePasi rakaenda pasi rose semusangano wenyika yose, nyika yakaigamuchira nechishuwo chakafanana sevaAmerica muna 1970.
Nokuda kwekuzvipira kwake kusingaperi kumusangano wekupfumisa uye zvimwe zvinokonzera vanhu uye zvepakati pezvakatipoteredza, Sen. Nelson - uyo akapfuura muna 2005 - akapiwa muPresidential Medal of Freedom.