Rainforest Chirwere Chico Mendes Akapa Upenyu Hwake Nekugara Kwake
Mushandi wezvakatipoteredza Chico Mendes (1944-1988) akashandisa hupenyu hwake hwose huri kugara nekurwisana, mahombekombe emvura aibva kuBrazil uye vagari varo. Asi kuzvipira kwake kuchengetedza nzira yakasimba yehupenyu kunodhura Mendes hupenyu hwake.
Chico Mendes: Early Life
Chico Mendes akazvarwa Francisco Alves Mendes Filho musi waDecember 15, 1944 mumusha muduku weBrazil weSeringal Santa Fé, kunze kweXapuri.
Yake yaiva mhuri ye-rubber tappers, vanhu vanoita mararamiro avo nekusimbisa kuburikidza nekupisa kwemuti miti yerubha. Kufanana nevanhu vakawanda vemaruwa, mhuri yake yakawedzerawo mari yavo kuburikidza nekukohwa nutsva nezvibereko kubva mumvura.
Mendes akatanga kushanda paakanga ava nemakore mapfumbamwe, uye haana kumbobvira agamuchira chikoro chesekondari kusvika munguva yekupedzisira muupenyu; nedzimwe nhoroondo, Mendes haana kumbodzidza kuverenga kusvikira ava nemakore anenge makumi maviri. Dzimwe dzidzo yake yakatungamirirwa naEuclides Fernandes Tavora, anorondedzerwa se "muCommunist wepakati-kati uyo, mumakore makumi matanhatu, akanga ari kumhanya kubva kuBrazil mauto." Tavora akaunza Mendes ku mabhuku, mapepanhau uye masangano emabasa.
Mendes uye Basa Rakarongeka
Mendes akatanga kuronga rubber tappers munharaunda, uye akakurumidza kusarudzwa mutungamiriri we Xapuri Rubber Tappers 'Union. Mendes aibatsirawo mukuronga National Council of Rubber Tappers muBrazil pakati pe1980; akakurumidza kusarudzwa mutungamiriri weboka.
Paiva (uye ichiripo) guru guru rezvemari, zvisinei, kubvisa rainforest yemombe yekudya. Pasinei nouchapupu hwokuti kuunganidza raibha, mashizha, marimu uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinogara zvakagadziriswa izvo zvinoita kuti pave nemari yakawanda kwenguva yakareba, kunyatsochera mvura inonaya yakaitika pakuwedzerwa kwema1980.
Apo 130 vakadzingwa vakadzinganisa mazana 100 000 tappers kubva kumahombekombe emvura, Mendes nevashandi vake vakadzoka, vachiunganidza mhuri dzose kuti dzimire pamberi peketraws nekuvhara bulldozers. Kuedza kwavo kwakagadzikana neimwe kubudirira uye kukwezva kutaridzika kwezvakatipoteredza. Mendes akaiswa paUnited Nations Environmental Programme Global 500 Roll of Honor Award muna 1987; iye akakundawo National Wildlife Federation's National Conservation Achievement Award muna 1988.
Mendes vs. Ranchers uye Loggers
Apo rancher Darly Alves da Silva akaedza kuchenesa-akachera nzvimbo yemvura inonzi rainforest yakarongedzwa sekuchengetedzwa kwemhepo muna 1988, Mendes akabudirira pakugadzirisa kugadzirwa kwemapuranga ndokugadzira kuchengetedza. Mendes akawanawo gwaro rekuchengetedza da Silva nokuda kwekuuraya kwaakaita mune imwe nyika.
Nokuda kwake, Chico Mendes nemhuri yake vakagadzirirwa kutyisidzirwa rufu - muna 1988, Mendes pachake akafanotaura kuti haazorarama Krisimasi. Uye pausiku hwaDecember 22, 1988, Chico Mendes akafuridzirwa kuti afe nepfuti rimwe chete raive kunze kweimba yake. Mendes ndiye aiva mumiriri we19 kuurayiwa muBrazil gore iroro.
Kuuraya kwaMendes kwakavhiringidza kushamwaridzana kwenyika uye kupesana kukuru muBrazil, pakupedzisira kwakaguma nekusungwa nekugutsikana kwaDarly Alves da Silva, mwanakomana wake Darly Alves da Silva Jr., uye wechikwata, Jerdeir Pereia.
Nhaka yeChico Mendes
Zvimwe sechikonzero chekuponda kwaMendes, hurumende yeBrazil yakamira kusimbisa kubhurwa nekugadzira mapurisa uye yakagadzira zvakawanda zvekuchengetedza mabhubhu uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvisikwa, kusanganisira imwe inonzi zita remushure, Parque Chico Mendes. Bhizinesi reNyika, iro raimbobhadhara mari yekuvandudza mumvura inonzi rainforest, ikozvino iri kubhadhara mari yekuchengetedza kwemafuro inoshandiswa seminda yakagadzirwa nemarubhi.
Asi zvose hazvina kunaka muRussia rainforest, nenhoroondo dzakawanda. Kusarura kunoenderera mberi, uye maererano nemamwe mapepa, kurwisana kunorwisana mumvura inonaya yeBrazil yakadhura vanosvika 1 000 vashandi vehupenyu hwavo kubva muna 1988. Basa rakawanda rinofanira kuitwa kuti rikudze nhaka yaChico Mendes.