European Starling

by Melissa Mayntz

Sturnus vulgaris

Yakagadzirika uye ine nyanzvi, yeEuropean starling inowanikwa shiri pasi rose. Native kuEurasia, iyo mhuka yakave yakaziviswa zvakabudirira munyika yose iyo inofungidzirwa kuti ndiyo shiri inopinda munzvimbo dzakawanda, kusanganisira North America.

Zita Rinozivikanwa : European Starling, Common Starling, Starling

Scientific Name: Sturnus vulgaris

Scientific Family: Sturnidae

Kuonekwa:

Bhiri : Yenguva refu, inoratidzika, yerima mukuzadza mazaya, madema-grey mune maruva asina kubereka

Kukura : 8.5 masendimita kure nemapapiro 15-inch, musingaregi
Makoronga : Dema, mhete, iridescent, tsvuku, tsvuku, yakachena
Zviratidzo : Zvepabonde zvakafanana neallover mhepo yakasvibirira yakasimbiswa nekidiki yegirini yepepuru uye yepepuru yepamusoro pamusoro, kumashure, nape , flanks uye chifuva. Mapapiro matsva ekudonha ane mazamu, mavara akachena kana mavara ane ruvara kune mapapiro anopa shiri shiri kutaridzika kwazvo, kunyange mavara anoputika nechitsime. Nyeredzi uye mutsara mutsvuku zvakasviba uye zvakakomberedzwa nemuputi. Misoro netsoka dzakatsvuka. Mazaya echando anowedzera duller zvachose pasina girasi iripo, uye makumbo netsoka zvakasviba.

Vavangaridzi vakaita sooty gray shalover, vane minda shoma shoma uye neharo inopinza. Nyeredzi dzine shiri dzine makumbo matsvuku netsoka uye mari yakaoma.

Zvokudya: Zvipembenene, michero, zviyo, mbeu (Ona: Omnivorous )

Habitat uye Kutama:

Nzvimbo yeEurope starling's habitat inosanganisira gore rose kumadokero kumadokero kweEurope uye kwakapoteredza Gungwa reCaspian rinowedzera kuScandinavia uye kumadokero kweRussia muzhizha uye Iberian Peninsula, Middle East nekuchamhembe kweAfrica munguva yechando.

Izvozvi shiri dzakagamuchirwa munzvimbo dzakawanda pasi rose, kusanganisira South Africa, Australia neNew Zealand. MuNorth America, nyeredzi dzeEurope dzinowanika gore rose kumativi ose kondinendi United States, kuchamhembe kweMexico uye kumaodzanyemba kweCanada, kuwedzera kune imwe nyika kuchamhembe munguva yechando. Pasinei nokuti shiri dzinowanikwa kupi, dzinosarudza nzvimbo dzakasununguka dzakadai semapani, minda yekurima uye masango akazaruka, uye mumaguta uye mumaguta ekumaodzanyemba vanowanzowanika muyadhi nemapaki.

Vocalizations:

Iyi ndiyo shiri dzine ruzha dzine mavara akasiyana-siyana, anoshevedzera. Mamwe mazita anosanganisira mashezha, macheta, mahokwe, chips uye trills, uye vanogonawo kutevedzera mamwe mhando dzeshiri uye dzisiri-shiri dzinonzwika. Shiri dzevechiduku dzinonyanya kudanidzira apo dzichinyengetera mudendere kana nguva pfupi mushure mokunge dzichiza, uye boka revamwe vana kana vari vakuru vanogona kuita chishamiso chikuru.

Maitiro:

Nyeredzi dzeEurope dzinosimba, shiri dzine simba dzinogona kuva nehasha kana dzichidya kana chikafu. Munguva yekuberekorora ivo vanowanzova voga kana kuti vanowanika muviri, asi pakuwa uye munguva yechando vachaita mapoka makuru ezvipfuwo anogona kuverenga kusvika mamiriyoni 1 shiri kana kupfuura. Aya mapoka makuru anogona kunge akangonyanya kunyorera nyeredzi kana kuti angave akavhenganiswa nemhando dzakasiyana dzemarudzi enyama.

Paanenge achidyisa, shiri idzi dzinoputira pasi, dzichienda kune uswa hudiki uye ivhu nemishumo yavo yekutsvaga zvipembenene uye zviyo sezvavanenge vachifamba, uye pane dzimwe nguva vanovhunduka. Vangave vachizivikanwa kuti vanorwisa makumbo emamwe shiri uye vachakurumidza kubva kune mumwe.

Kubereka:

Izvo zvinowanzova shiri dzinobhururuka dzinokurudzira dzimba dzekugara dzichibva kune dzimwe mhando, kusanganisira woodpeckers, chickadees uye bluebirds.

Pane imwe nguva sarari inowanikwa kune vamwe varume. Chimwe chikamu chinoita kuti zvibereke 2-3 mazai e 5-8 mavara mavara ebhuruu kana mavara mavara akaoma mukati mega yega panguva yekubereka.

Vabereki vaviri vanobatanidza mazai kwemazuva 12-14, uye vose vari vaviri vachafudza vaduku vezvematongerwo enyika kwemazuva 19-21 mushure mekunge vabuda. Mhou dzechidiki dzichatevera vabereki vavo kune imwe mavhiki maviri vachikumbira uye vachida zvokudya.

Kukoshesa nyeredzi dzeEurope:

Izvozvi shiri dzinokwezva nyore nyore nevaridzi vedare nevarangi bhinzi, suet uye zvimedu zvechingwa, uye vachazoshanyira mapurisa uye hopper feeder ye mbeu uye zviyo. Nemhaka yokuti shiri idzi dzinogona kuunza mapoka makuru ezvokudya zvechido kumusha, vazhinji vanodya shiri vanosarudza kuodza mwoyo kushanyira kwavo . Kushandisa shiri yekudyisa nemakamuri kuti vasabvisa shiri dzakakura nekuchenesa mbeu yakadururirwa pasi inogona kuderedza kuEurope kunetseka.

Kuchengetedza:

Izvozvi shiri hadzingaratidzi kutyisidzirwa kana kuisa pangozi, kunyange mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzedzinza dzavo, vanhu vadzo vari kuderera zvikuru. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, kunyange zvakadaro, vanhu vari kuwedzera, vachitungamirira ornithologists kuti vatende kuti huwandu hwakawanda hwemhando dzingangodaro huchichinja kune dzimwe nzvimbo, panzvimbo pekushanduka kwevanhu.

Munzvimbo umo shiri idzi dzinofungidzirwa dzisingabatsiri, dzinogara dzichidzivirirwa uye dzingave dzichigumburwa kana kutambudzwa.

Nyeredzi dzakafanana:

Spotless Starling ( Sturnus unicolor )
Brewer's Blackbird ( Euphagus cyanocephalus )
Nyeredzi Yakawanda ( Quiscalus quiscula )
Red-Winged Blackbird ( Agelaius phoeniceus )