Eastern Towhee

by Melissa Mayntz

Pipilo erythrophthalmus

Imwe shiri huru, yechunky, kumabvazuva kwevewhee yakambove yakabatanidzwa pamwe chete nechekumadokero kwayo, iyo yekumadokero towhee, semhando imwe chete, rufous-toided towhee. Kunyange zvazvo shiri idzi mbiri dziine zviitiko zvakawanda, maruva avo akasiyana uye mazhenje anojekesa kukanganisa kwe shiri imwe neimwe.

Zita Rinozivikanwa: Eastern Towhee, Ground Robin, Rufous-Sided Towhee

Scientific Name : Pipilo erythrophthalmus

Scientific Family : Emberizidae

Kuonekwa:

Bhuku : Chimiro chakagadzikana neine zvinyorwa zvepamusoro zvepamusoro, zvakasviba
Kukura : 7-8 masendimita yakareba nemaapapiro 10-11-inch, kuvaka yakawanda, chifukidzo chakadzika, muswe mirefu
Makore : Dema, machena, mafungu, marara, mabi, tsvuku
Zvinyorwa : Dimorphic species. Vanhurume vane chigodo chakasimba chinoputika musoro, mushure uye muchifuva , achiburukira pasi muchifuva muU-kana V-chimiro. Chimwe chigamba chichena chinoratidzira pasi pepine mapapiro pamapapiro madema, uye zvimwe zviduku zviduku kana kuchena zvakachena zvinogona kuonekwawo pamapapiro makuru. Iyo miswe mutsvuku ine makona machena ayo anotonhora zviri pachena. Makona acho ane ushingi ane ruvara, uye dumbu rakachena. Izvo zvipfeko zvekutengesa zvinoputika kana kupisa. Madzimai ane zviratidzo zvakafanana, asi isinamoni inopisa-maronda apo varume vari madema, uye vanoratidza maduku machena pamapapiro. Kune vose vakomana, maziso ari matsvuku, kunyange zvazvo kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumaodzanyemba shiri dzine maziso uye Florida vanhu vanogona kunge vane maziso machena. Makumbo netsoka zvakasviba.

Vatongi vanowedzera zvakanyanya maruva nevhudzi, kunyanya pavari pasi nepashure, uye mushumo wavo ndeweperi.

Zvokudya : Zvipembenene, mhashu, zviyo, marimu, mafibia, michero, maruva, mbeu ( Ona: Omnivorous )

Habitat uye Kutama:

Mhiri idzi dzinosarudza nzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa, dzakachengetwa dzakadai semasango emvura, masango emasango uye nzvimbo dzomukati dzomukati, uye dzinogona kuwanika munzvimbo dzakasvibira kana dzakavhenganiswa dzakasvibira uye coniferous kusvika ku 6 500 mamita pakakwirira.

Eastern towhees ndevamwe vagari vese kumativi ekumaodzanyemba kweUnited States, kubva kuFlorida kusvika kure nechekumaodzanyemba nekumavirazuva kumabvazuva kweMassachusetts, kumabvazuva kwePennsylvania, kumaodzanyemba kweOhio, kumaodzanyemba kweAowa nekumabvazuva kweKansas. Munguva yekuchera kwezhizha, inopararira kuchamhembe kumaodzanyemba kweOttawa nekuMichigan, Wisconsin uye Minnesota kusvika kumaodzanyemba kweManitoba nekumabvazuva kweNebraska. Munguva yechando, kumaodzanyemba kwemaodzanyemba kumabvazuva kunopararira zvishoma kumavirazuva kune zvikamu zvekumabvazuva zveTexas neAklahoma.

Maonero ekuona masikati anonyorwa zvishoma nezvishoma kumadokero kwenzara iyi inotarisirwa, pamwe chete nechekuchamhembe kuNewfoundland. Zviitiko zvisingawanzoonekwi zvakataurwa muGreat Britain.

Vocalizations:

Izvozvi shiri dzine rwiyo rworuzha rwekuridza ne warbling trill pakupedzisira. Rwiyo rwechipiri rwechipiri runowanzotsanangurwa ne "kunwa-yako-chai" mnemonic. Mhepo yakaderera, nokukurumidza tu-heee kudana inowanzoshamisa, uye ine zvishoma zvishoma zvinomuka pamagumo ekudana.

Behavior :

Izvo ndeye shiri dziri dzoga, dzakavanzika dzinosarudza kuramba dzichivanzwa mubhururu, kunyange zvazvo varume vanokwanisa kusarudza zvakajeka zvekuimba, kunyanya muchitsime apo ivo vachitsvaga ndima uye vachikwezva vakaroorana. Munguva yechando uye zhizha, kumabvazuva kunogona kugara muviri pavanenge vachidya, asi varume vanogona kuva nehasha kune vamwe varume uye vangashandisa zvakasiyana-siyana zvekutyisidzira kuratidza simba ravo.

Izvo zvinyorwa zvekuvhima, shiri idzi dzinoshandisa shure shure kwechikwata chechipiri chetsoka kuti dzibvise mashizha kana zvimwe zvinokonzera uye dzinoratidzira mbeu nezvipembenene. Paanenge achishanda, anowanzobata miswe yawo yakakwirira.

Kubereka:

Izvi ndezvisikwa zvisingabviri izvo zvinoita mushure mokunge mukomana ari kutora musikana nekubvisa makona ake emuswe, kunyange zvazvo angamudzingirira pakutanga asati agamuchira zvishoma nezvishoma kuti avepo. Mukadzi anovaka dendere rakagadzirwa nekapu achishandisa shandi, uswa, rootlets uye bits bark, kuvhara mukombe womukati nezvinhu zvakanakisisa. Dendere racho rinogona kuvakwa pasi kana kuti muzasi shrub, kazhinji hapana yakakwirira kudarika mamita mashanu pamusoro penyika, kunyange mamwe matenga akakwirira akanyorwa.

Mazai akave akafanana akareba akachena, akachena machena kana greyish uye ane mavara mavara, mavara matsvuku kana mavara emucheka anogona kuiswa zvakanyanya pamucheto mukuru wehombe.

Kune mairi ma2-6 mazai pamasana , uye musikana anokonzera mazai mazuva gumi nemaviri. Mushure mokunge vana vaduku vasati vashandura, vabereki vose vanofudza zviyo kwemazuva 10-12. Miti yakawirirana inogona kusimudza vana vana mazana matatu gore roga roga, nevana vakawanda vanowanzosvika kumaodzanyemba kumativi ekumabvazuva kwevewhee.

Izvo shiri dzinowanzosvibira mazai ane mvere-mavara , uye apo nzvimbo yavo inotarisana nevewhee yakaonekwa muGreat Plains, kushandiswa kwakawanda hakuwanzoitiki.

Kukwezva kuMabvazuva Kumakungwa:

Kunyange zvazvo shiri idzi dzichivanza, dzichauya kune shiri-dzakabatana kumashure dzinopa hugaro hwakanaka nezvitsva, uswa nemabhuru emabhedha, kunyanya kana kudyara-kufanana-kudyara kunosanganisira mabheji emabhiri . Vanokwanisa kushanyira pasi vachidyisa nzvimbo kana huru, pasi pekudyisa mapurisa kana kukanganisa zviyo , milo, muto, oats kana peanut mwoyo zvinopiwa. Ground mabhati mabhati anogonawo kubatsira kutema kumabvazuva, uye ivo vanozochera mashizha.

Kuchengetedza:

Kunyange zvazvo shiri idzi dzisingatarisirwi kutyisidzirwa kana kuisa pangozi, vanhu vadzo vari kuderera, kunyanya kumativi ekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva. Kuenderera mberi kwekusimudzirwa kwenyika kunotungamirira kumararamiro ekurasikirwa kunofungidzirwa kuti chinhu chinokonzera kuderera uku, uye kunyanyisa kwezvipembenene zvinotapudza zvinyorwa zvekumabvazuva zvekudya ndizvowo nyaya.

Nyeredzi dzakafanana:

Spotted Towhee ( Pipilo maculatus )
American Robin ( Turdus migratorius )
Brambling ( Fringilla montifringilla )
Orchard Oriole ( Icterus spurius )
Dark-Eyed Junco ( Junco hyemalis )