Simba remagetsi enyukireya raive rakapoteredza kubva muna 1951 apo Ongororo Breeder Reactor I (EBR-I) muIdaho yakagadzira magetsi akakwana kuti ajekese maawa mana-watt mabhuru . Zvikuru, zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvigetsi zvakakurumidza kuvakwa muUnited States, Canada, Soviet Union, uye England.
Chimwe chinokambaira yenyukireya chinoshandisa uranium yakawanda - kazhinji uranium 235 kana plutonium 239 - kuunza simba.
Inonzi uranium inogadziriswa inoumbwa kuva marefu akareba ayo ari mumvura; iyo tsvimbo yeUranium inopisa mvura, ichiita mhepo, iyo inozofambisa motokari inopisa. Kufambisa kwemhepo inopisa ndiyo inoita magetsi. Mafuremu emvura anopisa anoona achibva kumakoronga makuru ekugadzirisa mashizha enyukireya inongova mhepo ine ngozi.
Parizvino, kune zvinyorwa zvinokwana 430 zvemagetsi enyuya kushanda kumativi ose enyika, uye zvinopfuura zana muUnited States. Sezvo mbeu dzikaenda paIndaneti kana kuti dzisina kukwanisika nguva dzose, nhamba chaiyo inoshanduka gore negore. Simba renyukireya inopa anenge 15 muzana emagetsi enyika uye anenge 20 muzana yemagetsi muUnited States. France, Japan, uye United States ndiyo ndiyo inoshandisa simba renyukireya, zvichiita hafu yezana renyu rose renyukireya rinowanika munyika yose.
Kubatsirwa kweMasimba eNyukliya
Simba reyukireya rinoita magetsi zvikuru kwazvo kana richienzaniswa nemashonga emagetsi anokonzerwa nemarasha.
Zvinotora mamirioni ematendi emarasha kana mafuta, somuenzaniso, kudzokorora kushandiswa kwemagetsi kwetani imwe chete yeuranium, maererano nezvimwe zvinofungidzirwa. Sezvo mazimbe uye mafuta ari kupisa zvinokonzera kupisa gasi, magetsi emagetsi haasviki pakupisa kwepasi uye kushanduka kwemamiriro okunze zvakadai semarara kana mafuta.
Vamwe vaongorori vakataura kuti chimwe chinhu chinobatsira simba renyukireya ndechokupararira kweuuranium pasi rose. Hakuna imwe nzvimbo yepasi rose yeuranium mining - hapana "Mideast ye uranium" iripo. Nyika dzakawanda dzinoita uranium yangu, kufanana neAustralia, Canada, neUnited States, haina kusimba, saka zvinhu zveu uranium hazvisi sezvisingatambudziki mune zvematongerwe enyika kana mune zvehupfumi semafuta zvinogona kuva.
Muchiitiko cheNyukliya Chiitiko
Apo zvinhu zvinoshanda zvakafanana sezvazvinofanirwa kuitika, nyukireya simba inonyatsochengetedza simba remasimba. Dambudziko nderekuti zvinhu hazviwanzoshanda nenzira iyo munyika chaiye. Kuputsika kwechikamu paTatu Mile Island muPennsylvania muna 1979 kwakabudisa maharavira mumhepo; Kuchenesa mari inodhura $ 900 Mamiriyoni emadhora.
Muna 1986, chimwe chinhu chakakanganisika chekugadzirisa zvinhu mumiti yeChernobyl yenyukireya muSoviet Union chakakonzera kuputika mumunda. Mazaya enyukireya akabudiswa kwemazuva mazhinji, zvichiguma nenjodzi huru yakauraya mazana evanhu munyika yose. Muna 2011, mutambo weFukushima muJapan wakakundwa nekudengenyeka kwenyika uye tsunami, zvichikonzera imwe njodzi huru yezvakatipoteredza.
Pasinei nekuvimbiswa kweikireya nyanzvi nevatsigiri vesimba renyukireya, njodzi dzakadai seyi hazvizivikanwi zvachose uye dzinowanikwa, uye pasina mubvunzo dzichaenderera mberi.
Mutengo wezvipingamupinyi izvi unoshamisa zvikuru. Pashure peChernobyl, somuenzaniso, vanenge mamiriyoni mashanu evanhu vainge vaine huwandu hwakareba hwemazuva; World Health Organisation inofungidzira kuti mamwe madzimai 4 000 emukenza wekanda yakaguma, uye vana vasingaverengeki munharaunda yacho vakazvarwa vane uori hwakanyanya.
Kana njodzi yenyukireya yakafanana neFukushima inofanira kuuraya United States, zvinogadzirisa zvingava zvinotyisa. Zvimwe zvenyukireya zvinokonzerwa muCalifornia zviri pedyo nekudengenyeka kwenyika kudarika mitsara. Imwe mbeu yeIndian Point yenyukireya, somuenzaniso, iri makiromita 35 kuchamhembe kweNew York City, uye inotarirwa neNuclear Regulatory Commission semiti yenyukireya ine ngozi zvikuru munyika.
Shoko NezveNyukliya Inosara
Imwe dambudziko risingakanganwiki ndeyekuchengetedzwa kwakachengeteka kwekushandiswa kwemagetsi enyukiresi.
Nyukliya yakaipa inoramba iine magetsi emakumi makumi ezviuru zvemazana, kunze kwekugadzirisa kukwanisa kwehurumende ipi neipi yehurumende. Gore roga rega, chigadzirwa chinokonzerwa nesekireya chinogadzira chinokonzera matani anenge 20 kusvika ku30 emarara emhepo. Kunyangwe mune imwe nyika yakakwirira seUnited States, nyukliya yakawanikwa iye zvino kune zviitiko zvenguva pfupi nenyika iyo vezvematongerwe enyika uye masayendisiti vanopikisana nekanakisisa nzira yekuita.
Kutaura nezvemarara, vamwe vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti hurumende yakawanda inotsigira iyo indasitiri yezvigetsi inogamuchira ndiyo chinhu bedzi chinogadzira simba renyukireya rinogoneka. Mari inosvika $ 58 mabhiriyoni inokweretesa chikwereti uye rubatsiro kubva kuU.S. federal government kugadzira zvombo zvenyukireya, maererano neUniversity of Concerned Scientists. Kunze kwevaya vanobhadhara mutero, vanopikisa, iyo yose indasitiri inogona kudonha sezvo mari yekubatsira yakawanda kudarika mutengo wepamusi wemusika wemagetsi anogadzirwa.
Simba yenyukireya inogona kudzorerwa here?
Mune shoko: kwete. Kufanana nemafuta, gasi rechisiki, uye zvimwe zvicherwa, uranium haigadziriswi, uye kune zvipera zvakakwana zveuranium zvinogona kuderedzwa nuclear nuclear. Kudyesa uranium kune zvayo zvinokonzera, kusanganisira kusunungurwa kwemhepo inogona kuuraya radon uye kushandiswa kwemhepo inoshandiswa mumagetsi.
Ichokwadi kuti simba renyukireya haringadzokizve, hongu, chinhu chakaipa chinoita kuti zvigadziriswe zvitubu zvemasimba sezuva, simba remhepo, uye simba remhepo rinoratidzika zvakanyanya kunaka. Zvichibva kumatambudziko uye matambudziko enyika inoshaiwa simba, zvinobudirira uye zvinotapira simba renyukireya zvicharamba zvichiva nyaya inotyisa kwemakore akawanda ari kuuya.