Polioptila caerulea
Gnatcatcher yakapararira zvikuru muNorth America, gruatcatcher yebhuruu ishiri ine simba iyo inowanzokanganwa nokuti inoramba yakakwirira mumiti yemiti, asi shiri dzinosangana nehuputi nenzeve dzinonzwa rwiyo rworudzi urwu rwakasiyana uye runoshandisa izvo zvinyorwa zvinyorwa kuti aone shiri.
Zita Rinozivikanwa: Bhuru-Grey Gnatcatcher, Little Mockingbird
Scientific Name : Polioptila caerulea
Scientific Family : Polioptilidae (aimbova Sylviidae )
Kuonekwa:
- Bill : Wakaipisisa, wakasviba kana wakachena-wakachena, wakareba kwenguva yakareba
- Urefu: 4.25-4.5 masendimita yakareba nemaapapiro 6-6.5-inch, muswe mirefu, makumbo marefu, mutsvuku mutsvuku
- Makore : Muchena, mutsvuku, bhuruu-grey, grey
- Zvinyorwa : Dimorphic species. Vanhurume vane soft blue-gray kumusoro uye musoro unoratidza mhete yakachena yeziso nechero rinopenya rakasangana riri pamusoro pebhadharo. Mapapiro acho aine madota, uye pasi pacho pane mavara akachena-grey. Mutswe wemiswe ine muchena mutsva wemhekwe. Madzimai akafanana asi asingadi jira rakasviba uye yakazara murwere kupfuura varume, ane mapapiro ayo akachena kupfuura bhuruu.
Vavangarudzo vakafanana nevakadzi vakuru.
Zvipembenene zvine polytypic.
Zvokudya : Insects, mhute, tsanga, mhondi ( Ona: Insectivorous )
Habitat uye Kutama:
Ivava vanochera vanosarudza nzvimbo dzakasununguka dzive dzakasvibiswa kubva kumapwende uye masango emipata ari kumabvazuva kwenzvimbo yavo kusvika kumasango echeparral uye pinyon-juniper kumavirira.
Masango ematombo uye nzvimbo dzakasvibirira dzakakoshawo kune bhuru-grey gnatcatchers.
Izvozvi shiri dzinowanikwa gore rose kumabvazuva kweKalifornia uye pamwe neBaja peninsula, pamwe chete nezvose zveMexico zvichienda kumaodzanyemba senyika yeYucatan. Gore ravo rose rakatarisa rinotarisana neGulf Coast uye kuFlorida, uyewo kuchamhembe pedyo neAtlantic Coast kusvika neNorth Carolina.
Blue-grey gnatcatchers inowanikwa gore rose muBahamas.
Muzhizha, shiri idzi duku dzinowedzera kubereka kwayo kune imwe nyika kuchamhembe uye dzinowanikwa kuCalifornia, Nevada neUtah kumadokero, uye kumabvazuva inowanikwa kumabvazuva nechepakati peTexas pamwe chete neAklahoma, kumabvazuva kweKansas, Iowa, kumaodzanyemba kweWisconsin uye kumabvazuva kweUnited States. Pasinei nekuparadzirwa kwavo kwakakura, zvisinei, ivo kazhinji havasipo kubva munzvimbo yeGreat Plains uko kusina miti yakakodzera.
Muchando, shiri idzi dzinofamba zvishoma zvishoma kumaodzanyemba uye dzinogona kuwanikwa kumadokero kweMexico uye kuCentral America kusvika kumaodzanyemba kumadokero kweHonduras. Inowanikwawo kuCuba uye kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeCaribbean.
Vocalizations:
Iyi ndiyo shiri dzinofara kazhinji dzinowanzonzwa kunze kwekuonekwa, uye raspy yavo "speee" manotsi akabatanidzwa pamwe neshamwari gumi neshanu dzinoita rwiyo rwakajeka, zvisinei kuti zvisiyana zvakasiyana zvinogona kusiyana mumamiriro. Kudanwa kunobwinya, uye dzimwe nyanzvi dzehondo dzinofananidzwawo mune zvinyorwa izvi. Apo varume vari kurwisana, kubhadhara mari kunogona kunzwika zvakare.
Maitiro:
Idzi idzi dzinoshingaira, shiri dzine simba dzinowanzove dzoga kana dzinowanikwa muviri. Zvinogona kunge zvakanyanyisa sezvo dzinofamba-famba mumasango ekumusoro emiti inounganidza nekucheka kune zvipembenene, uye dzinowanzotanidza miswe yawo yakazaruka uye yakavharwa kana kubva kune rumwe rutivi.
Kunyange zvazvo zvipembenene zviduku zvinowanzomedzwa, bhuruu-grey gnatcatchers inogona kurova zvipembenene zvikurusa nebazi ndokubvisa mapapiro awo kubva vasati vadya. Varume vanokwanisa kunyanya kurwisa uye vachadzinga shiri dzakakura kubva munzvimbo dzakanaka dzekudyisa kana nharaunda yenharaunda.
Kubereka:
Izvi ndezvisikwa zvisikwa uye zvose varume nemadzimai vanoshanda pamwe chete kuvaka dendere rakagadzirwa nemikombe kubva pamamita matatu kusvika kumusoro mumuti, kunyange zvazvo dzimwe nheyo dzinogona kuwanikwa zvakanyanya. Dendere racho rakagadzirwa kubva pamhando dzakasiyana-siyana, dzakanaka, kusanganisira mapepa, mass, lichen uye michina yemiti, uye yakasunganidzwa pamwe chete nechisipiresi. Bhuu-grey vanocheka vanogona kutanga kuvaka matendere akawanda asati atanga kuisa mazai, uye nyuchi dzinogona kushandiswa zvakare pakati pezvisikwa.
Mazai akafanana-evha akave akachena bluu kana bluish-chena uye ane mahwanda nemasikati.
Pane mazai e 3-5 mumhuri imwe neimwe, uye imwe chete yemukomana inokurudzirwa gore roga rega, kunyange chechipiri mhuri inogona kusimudzwa kumaodzanyemba uye ine nguva yakareba yekuzadza nguva. Vose vaviri vabereki vanogovera kubatanidzwa kwemazuva gumi nema11 kusvika ku13, uye mushure mokunge vaduku vechidiki vachinetseka, vabereki vose vanoenderera mberi kutarisira njiko kwechimwe chemazuva 10-12 kusvikira vagadzirira kusiya dendere.
Izvozvi shiri dzinogona kusvibiswa nekusvibiswa kubva kumakungwa ane mvere-mavara uye vadzidzisi vemadiki vangave vasingakwikwidzi nyore nyore kana mhombwe huru iyo ine mhondi inobhururuka ine musoro inotora dendere.
Kukwezva Bhuru-Grey Gnatcatchers:
Izvozvi shiri hadziwanzoiti mumashure uye hazviwanzoshanyira shiri dzinofambisa shiri, asi kupa shiri-yakanaka kugadzira miti inogona kubatsira kuvakwezva, kunyanya kana zvipembenene zvichibviswa kuitira kuchengetedza gnatcatchers 'inoda zvokudya.
Kuchengetedza:
Bhuu-grey gnatcatchers hazviiti sekutyisidzirwa kana kuiswa pangozi, uye chaizvoizvo mararamiro avo ari kuwedzera sezvo kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze kunopisa kumativi ekumusoro kwemazera avo uye kunowedzera nzvimbo dzakakosha yekuzadza. Izvozvi shiri dzicharega zvisikwa zvavo nyore nyore kana dzikavhiringidzika, zvakadaro, zvinokosha kuti dzidzivirire nzvimbo dzenharaunda kubva pakupindira.
Nyeredzi dzakafanana:
- Black-Tailed Gnatcatcher ( Polioptila melanura )
- California Gnatcatcher ( Polioptila californica )
- Black-Capped Gnatcatcher ( Polioptila nigriceps )
- White-Lored Gnatcatcher ( Polioptila albiloris )
- Bushtit ( Psaltriparus minimus )
- Plumbeous Vireo ( Vireo plumbeus )
Mufananidzo - Bhuru-Grey Gnatcatcher - Murume © Ed Schneider
Mufananidzo - Blue-Gray Gnatcatcher - Mukadzi © Putneypics