Zita rokuti John James Audubon rinowanzoziva kune rimwe divi, asi nei? Kudzidza zvakawanda nezvehupenyu hwemurume uyu uye nhaka yake kunogona kubatsira bhiridha imwe neimwe kuziva kuti Audubon yakawanda sei zvakasikwa zvinoitwa nhasi.
Zita : John James Audubon (Jean-Jacques Fougère Audubon)
Kuberekwa : Kubvumbi 26, 1785, Les Cayes, Haiti
Rufu : January 27, 1851, New York, United States
NezveJohn James Audubon
John James Audubon aiva mwana wepasina maturo, akaberekerwa pamusasa webaba vake muHaiti.
Amai vake - mbuya vababa vake - vakafa paakanga ava nemwedzi mishomanana chete. Muhucheche hwake, kumuka kwemuranda uye hurumende huru muCaribbean French makoloni zvakaita kuti baba vake vadzokere kuFrance, uye Audubon yakakura pedyo neNantes, paRoire River kumavirira kweFrance. Sezvo mwana, Audubon aida kuva kunze, angave kuvhima, hove, kutasva, kufamba-famba kana, zvechokwadi, kufarira shiri. Akanga achifarirawo unyanzvi nemimhanzi.
Muna 1803, Audubon akatamira kuUnited States ndokutsanangura zita rake, achiva John James panzvimbo yaJean-Jacques. Akatanga kugara muMill Grove, ye Audubon nemhuri estate muPennsylvania makiromita makumi maviri kubva kuPhiladelphia, achidzidza kutarisira mabasa emigodhi panzvimbo iyi. Akatanga kudzidza shiri dzeAmerica, uye akawedzera mararamiro ake mune unyanzvi. Akasanganawo naLucy Bakewell, musikana wechidiki kubva kune imwe nzvimbo yemugove uyo ane zvakawanda zvaaifarira munyika.
Apo hupfumi hwemigodhi hwacho hwakaratidza kuti husingabatsiri kupfuura kutenda, Audubon akatamira kuKentucky, achiroora Lucy Bakewell muna 1808. Vachazopedzisira vava nevana vana - vaviri vanasikana, Lucy naRose, vose vari vaviri vakafa vaduku zvikuru - uye vanakomana vaviri, Victor Gifford Audubon (1809-1860) naJohn Woodhouse Audubon (1812-1862).
Sezvo nguva dzehupfumi dzichichinja, Audubon yakava shanduro yepamberi ye jack-of-yose-maitiro, achiedza mabasa akasiyana-siyana kuti atsigire mhuri yake. Akanga ari mufaniriri wemifananidzo, akadzidzira kutora zvidzidzo uye akapedza makore akawanda sevatengesi. Akagadzirawo gorosi yefurawa uye akashanda mu taxidermy. Munguva ino akafamba zvikuru, achipedza nguva mu Mississippi, Missouri, Alabama, Florida, Ohio uye Louisiana. Aigara achishanda nevaNative America, uye akawedzera kukoshesa mafirosofi avo. Kwese kwaaifamba, zvisinei, akaramba achidzidza shiri, achiita kuti vazive zvakawanda pamusoro pemafambiro avo.
Muna 1812, sezvo hondo neGreat Britain yakatanga, Audubon akasiya uhu hwekuFrance uye akazova mutongi weUnited States vagari venyika.
Mukutanga kwema1820, Audubon akatanga kunyanya kufunga nezvechinangwa chake choga kupeta shiri dzose muAmerica. Akafamba zvakanyanya kuti atsvake zvionekwe zvemhando-shiri dzaakavhima kuitira kuti dzidzidze muruoko. Akaratidza mienzaniso inoshandisa faira kuti iite kuti ive munzvimbo dzakakodzera, zvichienderana nehukama hwake hwemunda hwekuti shiri imwe neimwe yakanyatsofamba sei uye yakabata. Muna 1824, akaedza kuparidzira basa rake - iro raakapa shiri dzeAmerica - muFiladelphia, asi pasina kubudirira.
Muna 1826, Audubon akaenda kuEngland kuzoedza kuparidzira zvakare, uye pakupedzisira akabudirira mukudhinda maitiro ake nenzira yepamusoro, nevanyori vachibhadhara zvinyorwa sezvavakapedza. Nenzira iyi, mapeji 435 anoumba shanduro yekutanga yeBhirds of America yakabudiswa mumatanho kubva muna 1827 kusvika muna 1838.
Mukuma1830s, Audubon akaramba achifamba pakati peEngland neUnited States, achitsvaka mikana yakawanda yekucherechedza shiri dzaakanga asati aona zvakadzama. Sezvo basa rake richienderera mberi pakuwana mukurumbira, mukurumbira wake wakawedzera uye akapiwa mbiri dzakakosha. Muna 1839, akatenga nzvimbo kumusoro kuchamhembe kweManhattan, New York, kubva kwaairamba achienda kunoparidzira zvinyorwa zvitsva zvebasa rake, izvo zvaiwanzobatanidza mahwendefa matsva kwete chikamu chezvinyorwa zvekare.
Kunyange zvazvo Audubon aifamba achienda kumaAmerica kumavirazuva uye aitarisira kunyora mazhinji emadokero emarudzi, hutano hwake hwainge husingakwanisi.
Muna 1848 akatanga kuratidza zviratidzo zvekushaya mungozo, izvo zvingave zvakatoonekwa seAlzheimer's disease nhasi. Mushure mokufa kwake muna 1851, akavigwa pedyo neimba yake muManhattan.
Mipiro kune Biring
Muhupenyu hwake hwose, John James Audubon aiva munhu wemasikirwo, ornithologist uye mhizha, uye zvipo zvake kubhadhiro yemazuva ano hazvigoni kuvekwe.
- Shiri dzeAmerica dzakashandura nyanzvi yemagetsi , sezvo Audubon inoratidzira shiri dzakakura-mhuka dzezvisikwa mumamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo, zvichiratidza maitiro ezvinyorwa uye kazhinji dzinosanganisira maitiro akasiyana-siyana kana nzvimbo dzekugara dzakaramba dzichiparadzanisa mhando imwe neimwe. Ichokwadi chezvemifananidzo yake yakafadza kune vanoita shiri uye kwete vasiri shiri, uye kuparadzira kuziva kwe shiri dzeAmerica uye shiri dzinonakidza dzinogona kuva sei.
- Mumakwikwi ake uye maonero emitambo, Audubon akawana mapepa makumi maviri nemashanu akange asina kunyorwa muUnited States, uye akacherechedza 12 mazana episitemu akanga asingazivikanwe kare.
- Kufarira kwaApriubon mukunyorwa kwezvinyorwa kwakamuita kuti asungirire zvisungo zvakapoteredza makumbo ekumabvazuva phoebes, iyo yekutanga yakanyorwa yenzoni kuNorth America. Akacherechedza kuti shiri idzi dzakadzokera kune imwe nzvimbo dzinogadzira nzvimbo imwe neimwe gore.
- Kunyange zvazvo yakatangwa nguva refu mushure mokufa kwake, National Audubon Society inonzi zita rake mukuremekedzwa. Sangano rinoramba richikurudzira kuchengetedza shiri nekugara kwayo, nyaya dzakagadzirirwa Audubon zvakasimba mumabhuku ake akazotevera.
- Nzvimbo dzinopfuura makumi matatu dzinodanwa zita rekubwinya kwaEntubon, kusanganisira mapaki akawanda, refuges uye nzvimbo tsvene, pamwe chete nezvikoro, migwagwa uye mabhiriji. Nzvimbo dziri muUnited States neFrance dzinotakura zita rake.
Shiri Dzinodanwa Pashure paJohn James Audubon
Pasinei nekukurudzira kwake kuAmerican ornithology, shiri shomanana dzinotumidzwa zvakananga pashure peApriubon, kukudzwa kukuru kune chero ipi zvayo inogona kufungidzira uye iyo inoita kuti zita rake riyeukwe.
- Audubon's Oriole ( Icterus graduacauda )
- Audubon's Shearwater ( Puffinus lherminieri )
- Yellow-Rumped Warbler , Audubon's subspecies ( Setophaga coronata auduboni )
Mufananidzo - Jena-Rumped Warbler, Audubon's Subspecies © Dan Pancamo