Ndiani Anonzi Steller?

Steller ndiro zita risina kujairika kune shiri, kwete kuti rivhiringidzwe ne stellar-nyeredzi-yakafanana, yakajeka kana inofanirana nekuongorora nyeredzi. Shiri dzinozivikanwa se "steller" dzave dzichinzi zita rezvisikwa akazvitsaurira uyo asingambozivikanwi munguva yehupenyu hwake asi nhasi inozivikanwa nokuda kwezvidzidzo zvake zveArctic yezvisikwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvipenyu nemhuka dzomumakomo.

Zita : Georg Wilhelm Steller
Kuberekwa : March 10, 1709, Windsheim, Germany
Rufu : November 14, 1746, Tyumen, Siberia, Russia

Pamusoro peGeorg Steller

Georg Steller akanga ari chizvarwa chezvisikwa zveGermany, nyanzvi yezvinyorwa uye botanist. Kunyange zvazvo akanga asingabatanidzi zvakasimba muzvinhu zvepanyama achiri muduku, akawana chido chake paaidzidza paYunivhesiti yeWittenberg uye University of Halle, panguva imwechete iye aidzidzirawo mushonga. Muna 1734 akabatana neuto reRussia kwenguva pfupi, achishanda sechiremba. Akashandawo paImperial Academy of Sciences muSt. Petersburg, kwaaishanda naDhaniel Gottlieb Messerschmidt, nyanzvi yemasikirwo uye geographer anozivikanwa nebasa rake mumiti yeSiberia. Steller akayemura mazita aMesserschmidt uye nhepfenyuro yakanyatsotora , uye akachinja maitiro aya kune zvaanoona.

Muna 1737, Steller akaroora chirikadzi yaMesterschmidt, Brigitta Messerschmidt, kunyange zvazvo vaviri ava vaizoparadzana sebasa raSteller vaiwanzoenda naye kure.

Steller akabatanidzwa mumakwikwi akawanda akatarisa kuchamhembe kwemaodzanyemba kweRussia, kazhinji achifamba nechikepe uye akabatwa.

Chinyanya kukosha chekufamba uku kwaiva rwendo rwa1741 rwakapinda muSt. Peter pasi pomurairo weCaptain Vitus Bering, rwendo rwaida kutsvaga kubva kuRussia kuenda kuNorth America. Muna July 1741, ngarava yakaita nzvimbo paKaak Island, Alaska, uye apo vashandi vakatora mvura uye zvipi zvaivepo, Steller akaita zvinyorwa zvinyorwa asi zvakajeka kwemaawa gumi.

Munguva iyoyo, akanyora zvinyorwa zvezvipenyu zvakange zvisingambozivikanwi. Pakati pavo kwaiva nerima rakaoma, rakasvibiswa rakazara zvakasimba kufanana nejay bluu rakakurumbira kumabvazuva kweNorth America. Uku kufanana kwakaita kuti Steller aone kuti ivo, ivo, vakabudirira kuwana nzira yekuenda kuNorth America, uye shiri iyi yakazotumidzwa zita rake shure kwake . Kuongorora kwenguva pfupi kweKayak Island kunoita Georg Steller mumwe wevaEurope vokutanga kuongorora Alaska.

Rwendo rwokudzoka rwakanga rune ngozi, uye pane imwe nguva chikepe chakanga chakavharwa apo vashandi vaitambudzwa nechirwere nezvimwe zvirwere munguva yose yechando. Steller akatora basa rehutungamiri panguva iyoyo uye akashandisa ruzivo rwake rwechiremba kuti anweke vashandi kusvikira panguva iyoyo kuti kugona kwavo kwakakwana kuvakazve chikepe uye kudzokerazve rwendo rwavo.

Mukuwedzera pakuomerera kwake kune zvakananga uye zvakanyora zvinyorwa zvekucherechedza kwake kwechizvarwa, Steller aivawo netsitsi uye akaratidza kutenda kwakasimba mukuchengetedza. Akasema utsinye kune zvakasikwa, uye akanyatsopikisa kutambudzwa kwemakava uye dzimwe nyuchi kana kunyange mhuka dzichibira zvinhu zvisingagoneki. Akanga ari kurwisana nekushungurudzwa kwemadzinza evanhu, zvakanyanya zvokuti kupesana kwake pamusoro pekurapa kwacho kwaita kuti hurumende yeRussia imubate iye kupandukira uye akasungwa kwenguva pfupi.

Mushure mokunge asunungurwa, aifamba achienda kumadokero kuenda kuSt. Petersburg paakava nemafuta. Akafira muTyumen, kuSiberia, uye nanhasi chivako mupaki yepasi unobtrusively inoratidza rufu rwake.

Kunyange zvazvo Steller akanyora nezvezvakaitika kwaari uye akachengeta mabhuku akawanda uye manotsi, basa rake rakanga risina kubudiswa muupenyu hwake. Magazini ake aibatsira kune vamwe vaongorori veNorth Pacific, asi, kusanganisira Captain James Cook, uye rwendo rwake rwechitatu rwakakosha rwakanga ruchitsvaga kuwana rutivi rwemhepo kunopoteredza North America.

Mipiro kune Biring

Kunyange zvazvo Georg Steller aisakosha bharder, basa rake rezvisikwa rakakosha zvikuru pane ruzivo rweAapfauna.

• Chokutanga zvakanyorwa jay yaSteller's, iko kushandisa kwayo kufanana kwehupenyu kune jay bluu sechiratidzo chaicho chokusvika kuNorth America continent. Nzira imwecheteyo yakanyorawo ikozvino inopera inoratidzika cormorant ( Phalacrocorax perspicillatus ) pamwe chete nedzimwe shiri nemhuka zvisati zvamboonekwa.
  

• Zvinyorwa zveBeasts zveGungwa zvakabudiswa muna 1751, izvo zvinosanganisira kuongorora kweActictic marudzi akawanda asina kumbobviswa kare kana kunyatsodzidza. Pakati pezvipfuwo zvinorondedzerwa maiva neshumba dzegungwa, zvinyorwa zvegungwa uye zvidzitiro zvevhu. Aya manotsi anobudiswa uye mabhuku aizoramba achiita kuti vamwe vaArctic vanoongorora, kusanganisira shiri.
  
• Yakurudzirwa nzira yakangwara yekutsvaga uye kuremekedza yemiti yemarudzi, mhuka uye vanhu, kusanganisira nzira dzokuchengetedza uye kuremekedza nzvimbo dzekugara.

Nyeredzi Dzinodanwa Pashure Georg Steller

Mukurumbira mukuru kune mumwe munhu kana muzvigadziri anokwanisa kugamuchira ndeyekuti zvipenyu zvisafa nemazita avo. Georg Steller angave asina kuona zvakawanda mukurumbira munguva yehupenyu hwake, asi nhaka yake inorarama kune shiri dzakanaka dzinobereka zita rake.

• Steller's Jay ( Cyanocitta stelleri )
• Steller's Eider ( Polysticta stelleri )
• Steller's Sea-Eagle ( Haliaeetus pelagicus )

Zvinosuruvarisa, zvose zveSteller's uye Stec's gondo regungwa zvipenyu zvinotambudza zviri kukurumidza kuparara. Kunze kwekuti matanho akasimba anotorwa kuti adzivirire shiri idzi, zhinji yefa yaGeorg Steller inhaka yeAvian icharasikirwa - sezvo Segungwa reSteller ( Hydrodamalis gigas ) rave rapera. Zita rake rinorarama kune dzimwe mimwe mhuka nemhuka, zvisinei, sezvo mamwe mazita ake anosanganisira Steller's sea lion ( Eumetopias jubatus ), hoary mugwort ( Artemisia stelleriana ) uye gumboot chiton ( Cryptochiton stelleri ).

Mufananidzo - Jay's Steller © Tim Lenz