Bird Family Tsanangudzo - Penguins
Tsanangudzo:
(zita) Spheniscidae ndiyo mhuri yezvesayenzi yezvinyorwa iyo inoumbwa nemhando dzose dzepenguin . Zvichienderana nemafungiro emhando yezvinyorwa zvinosanganiswa, mhuri yeSpheniscidae inosanganisira 17-18 mhando dzemarudzi, gumi nematanhatu dzinofungidzirwa kuti dziri pangozi, dzinotyisidzirwa kana dzinopedzisira dzichigadziriswa. Hondo dzeSpheniscidae dzinenge dzichienda kune imwe nyika yeSouth Hemisphere (imwe yemhando, Galapagos penguin, inowanikwa pasi peEquator), kunyange zvazvo mhando dzemhando dzakasiyana dzichisiyana zvakasiyana.
Kutumidzwa:
SFEHN-ih-sih-deye
(rhymes ne "Sven mukomana" uye "chinotyisa mwana"
NezveSpeniscidae Birds
Iyi shiri yemhuri imwe yezvinhu zviri nyore kuziva nekuti penguin dzakasiyana uye shiri dzisingakanganwiki. Kuzivikanwa kwavo mumabhaisiro uye mabhuku kunoita kuti penguin izivikanwe kunyange kune vasiri shiri, uye vazhinji vanogadzira shiri vanoona penguin sevanhu vavo.
Nepo kune hutano hwakasiyana-siyana muhukuru hwakasiyana-siyana hwepenguin uye maitiro akajeka, shiri dzose dziri mumhuri iyi yesayenzi dzinoita sezvi:
- Upenyu husingafadzi nemapapiro hwakagadziriswa semapuranga kuti ashandiswe mune simba, kushambira kwakanaka
- Kurongeka kwakasimba nemakumbo madiki nemakumbo zvakadzoserwa zvakanaka pamutumbi wakarongeka
- Dense, compact feather structure kuti ipe huwandu hwekudzivirira mukutonhora kwemamiriro ekunze
- Upenyu hweperagic nehuwandu hwenguva yakashandiswa mumvura
- Kazhinji zvinodyiwa zvinosanganisa zvinosanganisira hove, squid, krill uye yakafanana mhuka dzechikepe
- Muchena uye muchena mutsvuku mutsvuku wemirasi yekukanganiswa kunobudirira mumvura
- Unyanzvi hwemakoloni nehukuru, hutano hwekuvaka hutano hwakashandiswa zvakare kwezvizvarwa
- Nenzira yakareba kwenguva refu yeupenyu inogona kuwedzera makore 15-20 musango uye nguva refu mukutapwa
Dzekare uye Nhasi Mhiri muSpheniscidae Family
Zvose penguin, uye zvingangove zvepenguin, ndezvimwe zvemhuri iyi.
Kune 17-18 mhuka dzepenguin zvinowanzozivikanwa semhando dzakasiyana. Icho chichiri nharo pamusoro pokuti ingave kuchamhembe rockhopper uye kumaodzanyemba rockhopper penguin ndeyechokwadi mhando dzemarudzi, uye kupatsanurana pakati pavo hakugere kuonekwa pasi rose. Mhuka dzinonyanyozivikanwa uye dzinonyanyozivikanwa mumhuri yeSpheniscidae dzinosanganisira emperor penguin , king penguin uye African penguin .
Nhamba yepenguin yakave yatopera inogara ichinatswa uye ichikakavhiringidzwa sehumwe humwe uchapupu hwezvisikwa husati hwafukurwa uye hutsva asi huripo hunopera hupenyu hunowanikwa. Zvinenge makumi mana kana makumi mana zvepenguin zvingave zvanyangarika, vamwe kuburikidza nekushanduka kwezvinhu zvakasikwa uye nevamwe kuburikidza nenjodzi dzinoshungurudza kana kuvhima kwekare nekutsvaga. Nhasi, dzakawanda zvepenguin - shiri gumi-gumi-dzakasiyana dzinofungidzirwa kutyisidzirwa, dzakatangidzika kana dzisingatauriri kupera kana zvirongwa zvekuchengetedza zvakasimba zvisati zvatorwa kuti dzidzivirire. Zvose penguin dzinodzivirirwa zviri pamutemo, asi kusvibiswa, kusvibiswa, kutarisa kusakanganisika, zvikara zvinoparadza, kushanduka kwemamiriro okunze uye zvimwe zvinopisa zvose zvinetso zvakakomba zvinokonzera kushamisa penguin vanhu .
Genetic analysis yakaratidza kuti shiri dzinoverengeka dzakabatana zvikuru nemapenguin, asi hukama hwavo hwepedyo hwemhuri hunoshamisa.
Pakutanga kuona, zvinenge zvichiita kuti puffins, murres uye auks zvingave zviri pedyo nepenguin hama, uye shiri idzi dzinowanzobatana nemhando dzakawanda, kusanganisira mavara ane mavara, kumira kwakanaka uye kudya kwakakwana. Havasi, zvisinei, zvakabatana zvakanyanya mumagumo ezviyamu.
Kunyange zvazvo zvidzidzo zvekare zvave zvaratidza kuti zvipembenene, albatross, frigatebirds, loons uye grebes zvose zvinowanzoenderana nemapenguin, iyo yepedyo yakakura yemarudzi kune shiri idzi chaizvoizvo inonzi storks, mhuri yeCiconiidae . Zvimwe zvidzidzo zveDNA nemamwe mazita ezvinyorwa kubva kumapinijeni ose ehupenyu pamwe nefossil remnants zvichave zvakakodzera kusimbisa uye kuongororazve hukama pakati pemapenguin nedzimwe mhuri dzine shiri.
Kwatingaona Spheniscidae Birds
Penguin inowanzonyorerwa shiri kune vazhinji vanofambisa shiri, uye kuenda kunowedzera penguin kune mararamiro ehupenyu nguva dzose inowanzozivikanwa yekuvhengetedza .
Kune marwendo akazvitsaurira uye motokari kuti uone penguin, uye shiri dzinogona kushanyira mhando dzenyika idzi dziri kuSouth America, Africa, Australia, New Zealand uye Galapagos Islands.
Kune vanodya shiri, nguva yavo, mararamiro uye mararamiro avo haagoni kubvumira kufamba kwakanyanyisa kuenda kunzvimbo dzakare-kure, zvinoramba zvichikwira kuswedera pedyo uye pachedu nemapenguin. Izvo shiri dzinowedzera kuwedzerwa kune zvinyorwa zvemvura uye mhuka dzinosangana nemararamiro anozivikanwa ezvisikwa zvemvura, uye mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzepenguin dzinoita zvakanaka kwazvo mukutapwa uye dziri chikamu chezvitsauridzo zvakatsaurirwa kutapwa. Nepo hutapwa hwepenguin husinganzwisisiki pamakwikwi ehupenyu hwekukwikwidzana, zviitiko zvinopindirana uye penguin yekuona-uye-kukwazisa mapurogiramu inogona kuva mikana inokosha kune vanoona shiri dzose dzezviitiko kuti vafare.