Seveso, Italy, yakaona imwe yenjodzi dzakaipa zvikuru dzeEurope
Nhamba shomanana dzezviitiko zvinogona kutarisana nekuoma kwematambudziko eSeveso we1976. Pasinei nematambudziko ehutano kwenguva refu uye njodzi dzakatipoteredza, zvisinei, kusunungurwa kunokonzerwa kwemagesi kusanganisira TCDD - chimiro chekenza-chinokonzera dioxin - munzvimbo yekugara yeItaly yaiva nedzimwe nheyo dzakanaka, kusanganisira kusikwa kwemitemo yakasimba yezvakatipoteredza uye kuchengetedza utano muEurope yose.
Seveso: Asati Aitika uye Mushure Mokunge Dambudziko
Guta duku riri mumuguta remakiromita anenge makiromita gumi kuchamhembe kweMilan, Italy, Seveso yakanga ine vanhu vanenge 17 000 muma1970. Mamwe maguta ari pedyo anosanganisira Desio, Cesano Maderno uye Meda; pamwe chete, izvi zvakagadzira kusanganiswa kwemaguta, nzvimbo dzekugara uye zviduku. Imwe michero yemakemikari yemo, yakavakwa makore akawanda apfuura muMeda, yakanga iine yeCIMMESA, imwe yeruzhinji rwemishonga inonzi Hoffman-La Roche.
Pasi pose, muti wacho hauna kuonekwa sekutyisidzira nevanhu vemo. Zvose izvo zvakachinja, zvisinei, manheru eMugovera, July 10, 1976, sezvo zvikamu zvemuti zvaivharwa kwevhiki. Apo vagari vemuSeveso uye nzvimbo dzakapoteredza vakanga vachichera minda yavo, vachifamba mitsara kana kutarisa vana vavo vachitamba, chimwe chezvivako mukemikari chakanga chiri kupisa nenzira inotyisa sezvo nzira dzekupisa dzakadzimwa.
Apo kutonhora mukati meimwe matanho emiti yakasvika kune imwe nzvimbo yakaoma, chirwere chinosunungurwa chinonzi valve chakazarurwa, uye anenge mamita matanhatu emamiriyoni emagetsi ane chepfu akabudiswa kubva panzvimbo yacho.
Izvozvo zvakaita kuti gore rifambe pamusoro penzvimbo yeSeveso raive nekinofungidzirwa kilogram imwe yeTCDD, inozivikanwa se 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin.
TCDD muSeveso
TCDD imwe yemhando ye dioxin, mhuri yemakemikari nemakemikari ayo anogadzirwa-maitiro emabhizimusi mabasa akaita mabhiriki matanda mapuranga, zvinopisa marara, simbi inopisa uye chigadzirwa chemakemikari.
Dioxin inowanikwawo mudiki muAlexbicide Agent Orange, iyo yakashandiswa muSouth-Asia yose munguva yeHondo yeVietnam.
Dioxin inowanzozivikanwa sechitachiona (iyo inokonzera kenza). Iyo inozivikanwawo inokonzera kubereka, kudzivirirwa kwezvirwere uye kubudirira mune zvinyamusi, uye zvinogona kukonzera zvinetso zvakakomba zveropa mune vanhu vanoratidzirwa kumatunhu akakwirira emuganda. Chloracne, chirwere chakakomba cheganda chinenge chakafanana nemasikironi akaipa, chinogona kukonzerwa nekukwirira kwakanyanya kune dioxin.
Mukati maawa mashomanana mushure meCIMMESA nzvimbo yekubudisa gesi, vanhu vanopfuura 37 000 munzvimbo yese yeSeveso vainge vasati vamboona dioxin. Pakati pevokutanga kutambura, zvakadaro, yaiva mhuka dzomunharaunda. Maererano neHikuti, "Mumwe mumiri akaona gaka rake richikwira, uye paakaenda kundotora mutumbi, muswe wacho wakabva wapera.Zvino masimba akachera kati kuti aongorore mazuva maviri gare gare, akadaro murimi, zvose zvakasara ndezvazvo Tsanga. "
Pasinei nokuonekwa kwavo kune zvakakwirira zve dioxin, yakanga iri mazuva mashomanana vanhu vasati vatanga kunzwa zvinokonzera: kushungurudzwa, kushungurudzika, maziso emaperembudzi uye kukura kwechloracne yakanyanya, kunyanya pakati pevana. Somugumisiro wekukura kunononoka kwezviratidzo, nzvimbo yakapoteredza Seveso haina kubviswa pakarepo.
Mhuka dzakafa, kunyanya hukuku nemaruva zvakachengetwa sekudya, zvakatanga kuderedza zvinhu zveguta racho, uye vazhinji vakaurayiwa pangozi kuti vanhu vasadye. (Dioxin inounganidza mumafuta, uye inogona kunyorerwa nekudya zvirimwa kana mhuka dzakataridzirwa.) Muna 1978, inofungidzirwa kuti zviuru makumi mapfumbamwe nemakumi matatu zvakaurayiwa.
Nhaka yeSeveso
Mhinduro yezviitiko zveSeveso yakatsoropodzwa kakawanda sechidimbu uye yakasungirirwa. Mazuva mashomanana akapfuura vasati vakaziviswa kuti gesi ine dioxin yakanga yakasunungurwa kubva panzvimbo yacho; Kubviswa kwezvinhu zvakaipisisa zvakatora mazuva akawanda.
Kutsvakurudza kune nguva yakareba yehutano yehupenyu hweSeveso njodzi iri kupfuurira. Chimwe chidzidzo kubva muna 2008 chakawana kuti vana vakaberekerwa nevakadzi vanogara munzvimbo yakasvibiswa panguva yepakange vaive kanenge kazhinji kacho kazhinji kacho kuti vakashandura utachiona kupfuura vamwe vana.
Uyezve, mushumo wegore ra2009 wakawana kuwedzera kwekenza neyemymphatic kanhara munharaunda. Zvisinei, kumwe kutsvakurudza muropa, immune, neurologic uye kubereka zvinokonzera hazviwanikidzi ruzivo rwakakwana.
Seveso uye vagari varo vanoenderera mberi kushanda sechimiro che "laboratory laboratory" mumigumisiro ye dioxin kuisa vanhu nevanhu mhuka. Munyika yose yeEurope, zita rokuti Seveso iye zvino rinosanganiswa nemitemo yakaoma iyo inoda chero zvivako zvipo kuchengetedza, kugadzira kana kubata zvinhu zvinokuvadza kuzivisa hurumende nemagariro evanhu nezvehutano hwenzvimbo yavo, uye kugadzira uye kuzivisa zviyero zvekudzivirira uye kupindura chero njodzi ipi zvayo zvinogona kuitika.
Imiti yeCIMMESA ikozvino yakavharwa zvachose, uye Seveso Oak Forest paki yakagadzirwa pamusoro peimba yakavigwa. Pasi pemusango wehuni, zvisinei, unogara matangi maviri anobata zvakasara zvezviuru zvezvipfuwo zvakaurayiwa, iyo yakasvibiswa chimiro chekemikari uye ivhu rakange rine dhigirii yakakura ye dioxin tsvina.