Maitiro Edzidziso Yokutsvoda Pasi Mistletoe Yakatanga

Isu tose tinonyatsoziva nechepakati chikamu cheshoko rekushamisika remakona. Munhu wose anoziva kuti kutsvoda pasi pefretioe kwave kuchienderera mberi, kunyanya seKrisimasi tsika, kunyange zvazvo munhu wose asinganzwisisi kuti tsika iyi yakatanga sei. Uyezve, vashomanana vanoziva kuti nyaya yemutiro yemuti uyu inoita kuti zvive "mahara". Uye nhoroondo yaro yenyorwa ndeyekodzero yemashoko ekukanganwa kune vose asi yakanyanya nyanzvi.

Ngatitange nekaseti kadiki kechipiri:

"Pano paichengeterwa mitambo yekare yeheodman bofu, pfekedza mahara yebhururu, mapeji anopisa, achiba chingwa chakachena, mbhota yebhota, uye inobhururuka dhiragoni; Yule-clog uye kesimusi yeKrisimasi yaigara ichipiswa, uye mistletoe nemavhenekeri ayo vakanamatira, kusvika kune njodzi iri pedyo yevose vakanaka veimba. "

Izvozvo ndizvo zvakaitwa naWashington Irving munguva yeKrisimasi (kubva ku Irving's The Sketch Book yeGeffrey Crayon, Gent ). Irving anorondedzera mhemberero dzakapoteredza mazuva gumi nemaviri eKrisimasi, kusanganisira kutsvoda pasi pe mistletoe. Anopfuurira nemashoko omuzasi:

"Mhepo inenge ichiri kuiswa mumapurazi-dzimba uye makicheni paKrisimasi, uye varume vechidiki vane ropafadzo yekutsvoda vasikana vari pasi payo, vachichera nguva imwe neimwe bheri kubva mugwenzi.

Isu temazuva ano takakanganwa chikamu chekuchera majiroji (ayo, zvingaitika, ane chepfu ), uye orega kunotsvoda pasi pe mistletoe apo majiro akabuda.

Pamwe chete ne holly , laurel , rosemary, yews , mabhokisi ebhokisi , uye, zvechokwadi, muti weKisimusi , mistletoe inogara iine ruvara rwakaratidzwa munguva yeKrisimasi uye inofananidzira kuberekwa patsva kwezvirimwa zvichaitika mugore. Asi zvichida kupfuura chero imwe yega yega yeKrisimasi yakasvibirira, iyo michero yatinoziva chete panguva dzezororo.

Rimwe zuva tiri kutsvoda pasi peflexlee, uye zuva rinotevera takakanganwa zvose pamusoro payo (kunyange zvazvo tingakanganwa kutsvoda).

Apo Krisimasi yekushongedza inouya, mhedziso inopera kubva mupfungwa dzedu kune rimwe gore. Kunyanya munharaunda iyo nzvimbo yacho isiri yekuzvarwa (kana isingawanzoitiki), vanhu vakawanda havatombozivi kuti mistletoe hairi kukura pasi, asi pane miti semusana wechirwere shrub. Ndizvo chaizvo: Sezvisina kunaka sezvazvinonzwika, kutsvoda pasi pemafletoe zvinoreva kukumbirwa pasi pesarasi.

Mishonga-Yese yeDruid

Izvo zvakasiyana-siyana zvakajairika muEurope zvaiva nechinamato chechitendero mupfungwa dzevanhu vekare. Izvo zvipfeko zvetsika yekutsvoda pasi pemafletoe zvinogona kuwanikwa mumitambo yeCeltic. MuGaul, nyika yevaCelt, maDruid vakaiona ichi chinhu chitsvene. Zvaitendwa kuva nehutano hwemishonga uye zvishamiso zvisingaoneki zvemasimba. Izvo zvinotevera zvinofanirwa kubva kumunhu wezvakaitika kare wechiRoma, Pliny Mukuru Mukuru chikamu chechirevo chechiLatini chakareba pamusoro penyaya ( Natural History , XVI, 249-251), achitarisana neDruidic mhemberero dzezvitendero:

"Pano tinofanira kutaura nezvekuremekedza kwakanzwisirwa nemuti uyu neVaGauls.Druid-nokuti nenzira iyo vaprista vavo vanonzi-havana chinhu chitsvene kupfuura mhuto uye muti unobereka, chero bedzi muti iwoyo uri muouki ... Mistletoe haasati atarisana; asi pavanowana, vanoiunganidza, mumutambo wakakomba .... "

"Mushure mekugadzirira chibairo uye mutambo pasi pomuouki, vanorumbidza mafletoe semapiritsi-ose uye vanouya nehando mbiri dzehwamanda ipapo, dzine nyanga dzisina kumbobatanidzwa pamberi.Avaprista vakapfekedzwa nenguvo chena vanokwira mumuoki uye, chine jeko yegoridhe, iyo inodonha mhosleti, iyo inobatwa mupfeko chena.Vanopa zvibayiro, vachikumbira mwari, uyo akavapa mistletoe sechipo, kuti aite icho chakanaka kwavari.Vanotenda kuti potion yakagadzirwa kubva pamakona ichaita kuti mhuka dzisina kuchena dzinobereka, uye kuti muti wacho is antidote kune chero urombo. Ihwo ihwo simba rinoshamisa iro vanhu vanowanzowedzera kunyange zvinhu zvinotyisa. "

Nhoroondo dzeNorth uye Mistletoe Tradition

Asi tsika chaiyo yekutsvoda pasi pemafletoe yakatanga sei? Kuti tidzidze izvozvo, tinofanira kudzokera kuScandinavia yekare, kune tsika dzayo uye nheyo dzaro dzeNorth. Tsika yakagadzirwa ipapo, maererano naDkt. Leonard Perry, yakanga ichiti kana, kana uri kunze kwemasango, iwe wakazviwana iwe wakamira pasi pemiti iyi paunosangana nemuvengi, iwe mose maifanira kuisa maoko enyu kusvikira zuva rinotevera.

Iyi tsika yekare yekuScandinavia yakatungamirira ku tsika yekutsvoda pasi pe mistletoe. Asi tsika dzakapinda nemaoko nemaoko eNorse pamusoro peBaldur. Amai vaBaldur vaiva mwarikadzi weNorse, Frigga. Apo Baldur akaberekwa, Frigga akaita chimwe nechimwe chirimwa, mhuka, nechimwe chinhu chisina upenyu chinopikira kuti hachizokuvadza Baldur. Asi Frigga akacherechedza muti wemafletoe, uye mwari anonyengera weNorse myths, Loki, akashandisa kutarisira uku.

Loki akanyengedza mumwe wevamwe vanamwari kuti auraye Baldur nepfumo rakagadzirwa nema mistletoe. Hermódr Bold akagadzwa kuti atasve kuna Hel muchiedza kuunza Baldur zvakare. Mamiriro ezvinhu aHel ekudzoka Baldur yaiva iyo zvachose chinhu chose chekupedzisira munyika, kurarama nekufa, chaifanira kuchema kuBaldur. Achikundikana, aizoramba aine Hel. Apo chiitiko ichi chakanga chakaedzwa, vose vakachema kunze kwerumwe ruantess, vakatenda kuti Loki akavanza. Saka kumuka kweBaldur kwakakanganiswa.

Nhoroondo yekare yeyi nhoroondo yeNorse ndiyo Prose Edda. Asi kusiyana kwenyaya yeBaldur uye mistletoe yakaburukira kwatiri, zvakare. Somuenzaniso, vamwe vanorondedzera zvakabvumirana, mushure mekufa kwaBaldur, kuti kubva panguva iyo mhepo inofadza ichaunza rudo panzvimbo yekufa munyika, uye kuti chero vanhu vaviri vanopfuura pasi pe mistletoe vaizoshandura kutsvoda mukuyeuka kweBaldur. Vamwe vanowedzera kuti misodzi yeFrgaga yakateurwa pamusoro peBaldur yakaparadzwa yakava ma berries a mistletoe.

Izvi zvinopera pasina kutaura kuti, kana tikazobvisa zvigadziro zvetsika uye nhema dzinopoteredza kutsvoda pasi pe mistletoe mukuedza kuwana mharidzo yechokwadi yechokwadi, taizozviwana isu tiri pakati pezvinyorwa zvekare. Mistletoe yakambotaridzirwa sey aphrodisiac uye kubereka mishonga. Inogonawo kuva nekwanisi yekukonzera kubvisa pamuviri, iyo inogona kubatsira kutsanangura kushamwaridzana kwayo nehupombwe husina kurambidzwa.

Botanical Information pamusoro peMistletoe

Izvo zvisati zvisizvo zvezvinyorwa zvezvinyorwa zvemafreytoe zvinotora nzira yakareba kurondedzera kushamiswa kwaiitwa nevanhu vekare. Nokuti, pasinei nokuti haisi midzi muvhu, mistletoe yakaramba yakasvibirira mukati mechando, asi miti iyo yaikura uye iyo yaidya haina (mhirizhonga yeEurope inowanzokura pamaapuro miti ; Kufadza uku kunofanira kunge kwakashanda pamusoro pevanhu vasati vesayenzi inonzwisisika.

Mhando dzakawanda dzefotletoe dzinoratidzirwa sezvipembenene zvishoma. Haasi majekesti akazara, sezvo michero inokwanisa kupikisa photosynthesis. Asi izvi zvinokanganisa mbeu zvinoshandiswa mupfungwa pakuti dzinotumira rudzi rwemhando yehuyu (inonzi "haustoria") kusvika kune mauto avo, kuitira kuti vabvise michero kubva pamiti.

Mhando dzakasiyana dzematletoe dzinokura pasi rose, saka zvakaoma kujekesa pamusoro pemiti. Mistletoe ari mumhuri yeLoranthaceae . Maruva emvura inopisa inogona kunge yakakura zvikuru uye yakajeka kupfuura maruva maduku machena (gare gare achibereka mabriji akachena-ega) ayo vekuMadokero vanobatana nemiti. Iyo mistletoe inowanikwa muEurope inotsanangurwa seViscum album , asi imwe yomuAmerica inonzi Phoradendron flavescens .

IU.Uyewo musha kune madrefletoe maduku, anonzi Arceuthobium pusillum . Izvozvo hazvisi chimwe chinhu chaunoda kukura pamunharaunda yako, sezvo inokuvadza miti iyo inoshandisa sevanhu. Kunyange iyo hemiparasitical mistletoes inenge isingabatsiri kune avo vanogara. Asi A. pusillum yakakwana yepasitini, isina mashizha ayo. Uye sezvo pasina mashizha ekukohwa kubva mumiti iyi, madrefletoe ane pfupi haatombobatsiri sekushongedza Krisimasi .

Apo vekugadzirira vanofungisisa pamusoro pokutsvoda pasi pe mistletoe, uye apo mabhodanini anongotarisa pakusiyanisa zvishoma zvipembenene zvipembenene kubva kumarudzi akasiyana-siyana ehutachiona, chiremba wezvehutano watanga kuongorora kupomerwa kunobatsira kwe mistletoe kune hutano hwevanhu. Mutori wenhau Suzanne Somers akawedzera ruzivo rwevanhu pamusoro pekutsvakurudza kunoitwa pa mistletoe sechinhu chinogona kurapwa kenza yepazamu. Vazhinji vakasarudza kurapa kenza yake yepafu neIscador, chirwere chakaitwa kubva pamusana we mistletoe.

Mhemberero dzeShoko, "Mistletoe"

Mhedzisiro yezwi, "mistletoe," iyo pachayo yakaoma yakaoma uye yakavharika sezvinonzi botany uye nhema dzakapoteredza muti wacho.

Izwi rakabva pakufungidzira mu-pre-yesayenzi yeEurope iyo inokanganisa michero inoputika, sekunge kana nemashiripiti, kubva mumvura ye "mistel" (kana kuti "missel") thrush. Maererano naSara Williams paYunivhesiti yeSaskatchewan Extension, "Izvo zvaionekwa munguva yekare kuti mitsetse yaiwanzoonekwa pabazi kana shandi apo shiri dzakanga dzasiya madonhi." Mistel 'ishoko rechiAnglo-Saxon rokuti' ndove, 'uye' tani 'ishoko re "twig." Saka, mistletoe zvinoreva' dung-on-a-twig '(kwete chaizvoizvo shoko rinobva mukugadzirisa rukurano rworudo rwezvipfetiee zvinomera). "

Kunyange zvazvo kutenda kwechizvarwa chakangoerekana chave chichirambidzwa, shoko rinobva "mistletoe" harisi sechinhu chisinganzwisisiki sokunge munhu angangotanga kufunga. "Pakazosvika zana remakore rechitanhatu," anodaro Williams, "mabhodhoro akanga aona kuti michero ye mistletoe yakapararira nembeu yakanga yapfuura nepakati pezvinyama zvekudya." Uye vanhu vakanga vaziva kwenguva yakati kuti berry ye mistletoe michero inoratidzirwa zvikuru ye thrush ye mistel. Saka, apo maonero avo ainge akafanana, vatana-nguva vairuramisirwa, shure kwezvose, mukutumidza mazita emakona mushure mekunge shiri yakanyanya kuparadzirwa kwayo.

Its Famous Literary Past

Sezvo zvinogona kutarisirwa kubva kumiti yakagadzirisa kufadza kwevanhu kwenguva yakareba, mhepo inonzi mistletoe yakagadzirawo niche yekurumbira kwayo pachayo mumabhuku ezvinyorwa. Mamwe mabhuku anonyanya kuzivikanwa emutauro wekuMadokero ane mimwe inonzi mistletoe shrub inoratidzika, imwe inonzi pseudonym ye "golden bough."

MuViril's Aeneid , bhuku rakakurumbira zvikuru mumabhuku echiLatin echiLatin, gamba reRoma, Aeneas anoshandisa "bhanidhe regoridhe" pamatambudziko akaoma ebhuku racho. Dare regoridhe raifanira kuwanikwa pamuti unokosha mumutanda mutsvene kuna Diana, paNemi, muti unenge uri nemasipretoe. Muprofitakadzi, Sibyl akarayira Aeneasi kuti atore davi iri remashiripiti asati aedza kubuda kwake muhomwe.

Sibyl aiziva kuti, nekubatsirwa nemashiripiti akadaro, Aeneas aizokwanisa kuita dambudziko rakaoma nekuvimba. Njiva mbiri dzakatungamira Aeneas kuenda kumugwagwa ndokuuya pamusoro pemiti, "kubva pane iyo yakavhenekera kubhururuka kwegoridhe.Sezvo mumasango munguva yechando yehombe mistletoe-iyo inoisa mbeu kune imwe nyika kumuti wayo-inogara yakasvibirira mashizha matsva nemapatya michero yaro tsvuku pamusoro pemakona, saka goridhe remashizha rinoratidzika pamumouki munyoro, naizvozvo iyo ndarama yakashongedzwa mumhepo ine simba "( Aeneid VI, 204-209).

Zita raSir James G. Frazer's anthropological classic, The Golden Bough , rinobva pane iyi chaiyo mu Virgil's Aeneid . Asi chimwe chinhu chine ruvara chakafanana nemiti inonzi mistletoe chinosanganiswa sei nemuvara, ndarama ? Maererano naFrazer, mistletoe inogona kuva "davi regoridhe" nokuti kana mbeu yacho yafa uye yaoma (kunyange miti yakawanda inosvika pakufa), mhuka inonzi mistletoe inowana goridhe. Kuyenzerana. Asi botanyani uye nhamba yepamusoro inofanira kunge yakavhenganiswa kusvika pakuzara tsanangudzo.

Kuona kwegoridhe mumashizha akaomeswa emuti wefletae zvichida kunokonzerwa nechokwadi chokuti, mumatare eEurope, zvaifungidzirwa kuti mhuka dzinokonzera mbeu mune dzimwe nguva dzinoiswa pasi pano apo mheni inopisa muti mumoto wegoridhe. Uye kuuya kwakakodzera kwaizova, shure kwezvose, kumiti ine imba yavo iri hafu iyo pakati pematenga nenyika.