Iron ndiyo gorosi / sirivha esimbi yakave yakapoteredza zviuru zvemakore. Iyo yakawanda inowanikwa, yakasimba uye isina kunyatsoshanda kushanda nayo apo inokandwa mumwero wemvura kana yakashanda (yakashanda) ine zvishandiso. Izvo zvakanyanya kukanganiswa kwesimbi ndeyokuti inogona kukurumidza kupisa. Kuchengetedza izvi, simbi kana simbi inogona kugadziriswa ne zinc kuvezwa kana kuiswa.
Nhoroondo Pfupfupi Yekugadzirwa Kwesimbi
Iron ndiyo yechina yakawanda uye inowedzera zvinopfuura 5 muzana zvepasi.
Inowanzove yakasununguka mune iron ore (dzimwe nguva inonzi ironstone). Sezvo simbi ine ukama hwakasimba hweokisijeni, iron ore inonzi oxide yesimbi; iyo inewo maitiro akasiyana-siyana ezvimwe zvinhu zvakadai sasilicon, sulfur, manganese, uye phosphorus.
Smelting ndiyo nzira iyo yimbi inotorwa kubva kune iron iron. Apo dare resimbi rinopisa mumoto wemarasha, simbi yesimbi inotanga kusunungura okisijeni, inosanganisira kabhoni monoxide kuti igadzire carbon dioxide. Ndeapi maitiro ispongy, massousous yesimbi yakasvibiswa yakasvibiswa, yakasanganiswa nemabhesi emarasha uye nyaya yakasununguka yakasunungurwa kubva munharaunda, inozivikanwa se slag. Kuumbwa kweiyi inopisa simbi kwaive kure nekutanga kwevashandi vekumesa vakawana: vaizobvisa masero aya echando kubva muvira ndokuisungira pane imwe nguva kuti vabvise zvinyorwa uye slag uye kuenzanisa michina yesimbi. Iyi nzira yaizivikanwa seyakagadzirwa nesimbi. Isimbi yakagadzirwa yaiva ne00 kusvika ku08 muzana kabhoni (yakabatwa kubva mumarasha) - yakakwana kuita kuti simbi mbiri iite nesimba uye isingasviki.
Akaita simbi ndiyo yakanyanya kubudiswa simbi kuburikidza neHed Age. Pachando chepamusoro-soro, kuchinja kukuru kunowanzoitika: iron inokurumidza kuvhara carbon uye inotanga kusungunuka, sezvo yakakwirira yekasi inotapudza nzvimbo yakanyunguduka yesimbi. Zvigumisiro zvipi zvinokonzerwa nesimbi, iyo ine kubva kubva ku3 kusvika ku4 muzana muzana carbon.
Iyi yakawanda yemakabhi inoita simbi yakaoma uye yakaoma; zvichida kuparadzanisa kana kupwanya kana ikakoromorwa kana kurohwa nesimba, uye haigoni kuumbwa (kureva, kupisa uye kuumbwa nekugadzira) pane chero chetendi.
Pakazosvika kumakore ekuMiddle Ages, veEurope vashandi vekugadzira vaishanda nemafuta emhepo, yakareba makimisi-semakamuri umo kupisa kwakasimbiswa nekuputika kwemhepo kuputika kuburikidza nekugadzirisa zvikamu zvemalahle, mafungu uye iron ore. Simbi yakanyungudzwa yakanyunguduka yaizomhanya zvakananga kubva muchitsime chechibvira mukati mejecha rejecha iro raidya huwandu hudiki hudiki hutsva. Izvi zvinoratidzika sekudyara kunamwisa mai vake, uye kutuka simbi yakagadzirwa nenzira iyi kwakazozivikanwa sevhisi yesimbi. Simbi inogona kukandwa zvakananga muzvipfeko pamhepo inopisa kana kuti inotorwa kubva kune imwe yenguruve kuti iite zvigadziri zvesimbi, mapikisi, mapani, kupisa moto, cannon, cannon mabhora kana mabhero ("kutura" zvinoreva kudururira muhutu). Kunyora kunonziwo kushevedza uye kwaitwa-iwe wakazvifungidzira-mune imwe yepagary.
Puddling Process
Kudengenyeka inzira yekushandura dare resimbi ichiita simbi yakagadzirwa nekuisa pachena kuti idziye uye inowanzosimudzira muvira umo pamberi peiyo oxyidizing zvinhu. Yakapiwa naHenry Cort muna 1784 (kusimudzira nzira yakanakisisa), ndiyo ndiyo nzira yekutanga yakabvumira kushandiswa kwesimbi kushandiswa pamwero mukuru.
Ndeupi Kusiyana Pakati Pe Iron and Steel?
Chaizvoizvo, simbi isimbi yakagadzirwa zvakaoma nekemikari yakasvibiswa. Kubudirira nekugadziriswa kwesimbi munguva yezana remakore rechi19 kwakaita kuti vose vakagadzirwa nemadziro uye mabhiriji okumiswa aigona.
Ndingazviudza Sei Kana Yakagadzirwa Nsimbi uye Kwete Inotsi Indarira?
Mubvunzo wakanaka. Nokuti anotanga, simbi yakakanda inorema. Yakagadzirwa nesimbi inowedzera kuwedzera uye inotora pane dzimwe mazamu uye twist. Izvo zvinokwanisa kuita zvakawanda nekuda kwekushaya kwayo. Iyo yakaitwa simbi inononoka kubata kana kukotama kana kuisa weld. Kudonha dare kunowedzera kusvibiswa uye kunoputika, apo kushandiswa kwesimbi kunowedzera pane kuputsa. Akaita simbi nyore nyore kugadzira kupfuura dare rakagadzirwa.
Yakagadzirwa Iron Garden Furniture
Mienzaniso yekutanga kwemazana emuzana remakore rechi19 midziyo yegindu yakagadzirwa nesimbi yakagadzirwa inogona kuonekwa muAntique From the Garden neAlistair Morris (Garden Art Press; 1996) *.
Yakawanda yaiva mabhenji ane zvigaro zvakatsvaira, dzimwe dzaiva nemakumbo ekudzikisa uye kutsika, kazhinji akaoma, akadzoka kana akadzoka kumashure mumitambo yakadai saRegency (kwete Hollywood Regency, yakatevera makore anopfuura zana gare gare), Sheraton neFrance. Vagadziri vekutanga kwema 1800s vakaita shandeni yemunda shandeni vaisanganisira Brown & Freet, Stourbridge; Barnard Bishop & Barnards uye Norwich Iron Works.
Midcentury Yakagadzira Iron Renaissance
Kufanana neimba uye nezvose zvinenge zvese, kudiwa kwepatio feniti yakaiswa shure kweHondo Yenyika II, apo varwi vakadzoka vakaroorana, vakatanga mhuri uye vakatenga dzimba mumasango. Yaiva yese chikamu cheAmerica Dream itsva. Vagadziri vekugadzirwa kwesimbi yejenesi midziyo kubva pakati pezana remakore rechi20 vanosanganisira Woodard, Salterini, Homecrest, Brown Jordan uye Tropitone.
Saka, Chii Rod Rod ?
Iwe unogona kunge wakawana zvinyorwa zve "rod iron" uye kunyange "rot iron" patio fenisha panguva inoshandisa nzvimbo dzakadai seBay uye Craigslist yevintage garden furniture. Hapana chimwe chinhu chakadai semudanda midziyo yesimbi. Kana sora yakaora. Ichokwadi, iwe unogona kukotamisa tsvimbo yesimbi uye kushandura uye kuifukisa mufaira, asi haisi izvo zvatinotaura pamusoro apa. Uye kuora-zvakanaka, iwe unoda chimwe chinhu chikaora paharai yako kana mujare rako here?