The Dirt on Soil

Mhepo inowanzoonekwa sechinhu chinonyangadza chekurima. Kunyange zvazvo ivhu revhu risingazombove rakanaka kana kuti sekunakidza sekusarudza miti, kune nyika yose pasi pema Wellingtons edu izvo chaizvoizvo uye nenzira yekufananidzira ndiyo nheyo yeminda yedu. Vashandi vatsva vanorayirwa kuti vaise mari nekuedza kuvandudza ivhu ravo vasati vafunga nezvekudyara, asi vashomanana vanokoshesa huchenjeri mune izvo zvavanonzwa kusvikira vaona michero yavo mitsva ichirwisana kuti vararame uye vachitsvaga zvokudya zvakawanda nemvura.

Mumunda wekurima, unodzidza kufudza ivhu uye rega ivhu ripe zvirimwa.

Iyo ivhu inowanikwa mune imwe nzvimbo yadhidi inenge inenge 90% yemaminerari akagara uye inenge 10% chete yakaodzwa nenyaya yehupenyu . Asi iyo inotsigira nzvimbo yezvipembenene uye microorganisms. Chikonzero chekuwedzera zvimwe zvakakosha munyaya yako ndeyekupa zvokudya zvezvinyorwa zvinobatsira zvinosunungura mishonga muvhu sezvo dzichizadza nyaya yehupenyu. Nyikaworms nezvimwe zvipembenene zvinogara muvhu zvinoshandisa ivhu pavanenge vachifamba naro uye vanopawo zvimwe zvinhu zvakasikwa nemarara avo uye kuparara. Izvi zvinokonzera izvo zvinonzi ivhu rakanaka .

Mishonga inoputirwa pamiti ichaita nzira yayo kupinda muvhu uye inogona kuuraya zvipembenene uye microorganisms dzinogara imomo. Zvisanganiswa manyowa zvine munyu, izvo zvinogonawo kuuraya vagari vomuvhu pamwe nekuvaka muvhu uye zvinokonzera kukuvadza kumiti yauri kudya.

Uye inogadziriswa manyowa haawedzeri chinhu kumunda wekubereka.

Chii chinonzi Healthy Soil?

Patinenge tichikurukura ivhu, tinowanzofunga nezvezvinhu zvina: mavara, chimiro, pH, nhengo dzehupenyu uye kubereka.

1. Soil Texture

   Kudenga kwevhu kunoreva hukuru hwevhu hwevhu.

   Sanduru: Sandu ine zvinyorwa zvakakura uye hazvina kuumbwa. Ichi ndicho chikonzero sandani inonzwa chokwadi uye nei ichi inonaya zvakanaka. Sandhu haigadziri nyore nyore.

   • Silt: Silt particles zviduku zvikuru kudarika jecha, asi zvisina kuumbwa.
   • Clay: Clay ine microscopic yakakura zvisikwa zvinenge zvakadzika. Mavara emapuranga ari nyore nyore, achisiya zvishoma pane imwe nzvimbo yemhepo kana mvura kuti iende pedyo.
   • Sandy Loam: Sandy loam inofungidzirwa kuti ndiyo munda wakakodzera wevhu uye ine musanganiswa wezvinhu zvitatu zvemashoko. Zvisinei, usashamisika kuti utenge decha rekuwedzera kune ivhu rako revhu kana zvimwe. Kusanganisa jecha uye ivhu kuchakupa simenti. Pane zvakawanda kune iyo equation pane kungoenzanidza ivhu revhu.

1. Soil Structure

   Simba rakasarudzwa rinoreva nzira yevhu inobatana pamwe chete. Iwe unogona kazhinji kuziva kuti chimiro chako ndechekuedza sei chimiro chako. Finyisa doro revhu rakaoma mumubha muruoko rwako. Kana iwe ukakonzera bhora zvishoma nemunwe wako uye iyo inoparadzanisa, inogona kunge yakasviba. Kana chimwe chinodzvinyirirwa chichiputsa, iwe uri kutarisana nesart. Kana ikagara ipapo pasinei nekupfeka kwako, iwe unowanzoita ivhu. Ita kuti kuverenga kwakanyatsojeka kwehuwandu hwemavara ega ega muvhu rako, edza kuedza uku nyore.

   Nzvimbo yakanaka yevhu ivhu rakaoma. Izvi zvinobvumira michero midzi kuti ishande nzira yayo kuburikidza naro, mhepo inogona kudarika uye mvura inonaya, asi kwete nokukurumidza zvokuti michero haigoni kuiwana. Kana iwe uchida kuongorora kuti zvakanaka sei ivhu rako, edza kuongorora kwepurocolation . (Yechipiri yeVane Easy Do-It-Yourself Miedzo Yevhu.)

   Kune nzira mbiri dzinokosha dzekuvandudza hurongwa hwevhu uye dzinoshanda mumutambo.

   1. Dongo-kugara

   2. Organic Matter . Nyaya yehupenyu inovandudza chero rudzi rwevhu. Kompositi , mashizha emashizha, uye manyowa zvose zvinoraira zvinhu zvakasikwa. Vanosunungura uye vanowedzera ivhu uye vanopa zvokudya zvezvipembenene zvevhu zvinogara.

   Unogona kusunungura chimiro chevhu kuburikidza nekurima uye dzimwe nguva izvi zvinodiwa. Asi kudyara kunogona kudarika ivhu rakaoma uye rinouraya zvipembenene zvinogara ikoko. Saka kushambadzira nguva dzose hakusi ndiyo nzira yakanakisisa.

3. Pil yevhu

Soro pH chiyero chevhu yako ye acidity (kusuruvara, chiyero chezasi pasi pe7.0) kana alkalinity (kutapira, chiyero chinopfuura 7.0), uye 7.0 kusapindira. Yakawanda yebindu michero inosarudza pH mune zvematongerwe enyika. Mimwe michero inonyanya kutaurwa mune zvavanoda. Lilacs uye clematis vanobudirira muvhu rakanaka. Rhododendrons uye blueberries se pH yakaderera. Iwe unogona kugadzirisa pH munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzenyika yako.

Kazhinji kutaura, kana mbeu yako iri kukura uine hutano uye zvakanaka, pH yako inogona kunge yakanaka. Kana mbeu dzako dziine zvinetso zvemuviri kana zvisingakure zvakasimba, zvakakosha kuti uedze pH yako. Kana ivhu riri pH harisi mumugwagwa unogamuchirwa wemiti yaunenge uchikura, michero haigone kuwana michero muvhu, zvisinei kuti unovapa zvokudya zvakadini.

Iwe unogona kutenga mhando dzakawanda dzevadzi vepH mumunda webindu. Iwe unogona zvakare kuunza sampuri muhofisi yako yeKoperative Extension , kuti uongorore mazita ekubhadhara mazita. Kana wangoziva kuti pH yako chii, unogona kutanga kuigadzirisa zvishoma nezvishoma. Iwe unowedzera rumwe rutivi rweakisi kuti urere pH uye fomu yesarufa kuti uideredze. Mhando ipi uye zvakadini zvinoenderana nevhu rako nemigumisiro yekuedza. Your Report Extension uye maitiro akawanda ekuedza achakuudza zvaunofanira kuita kana wawana mhinduro dzako.

Kuwedzera lime kana sulfure kuchinja denga pH hakusi kugadzirisa nokukurumidza. Zvinogona kutora mwedzi kunyora kuchinja mune pH uye iwe unoda nguva nenguva kudzorera ivhu rako kuti rive nechokwadi kuti haritendeuki kune pH yekare.

Iko dzimwe nguva zviri nyore kungoshandura michero yako kuti iwirire pH yako.

• Organic Matter

  Nyaya yehupenyu inoita zvinhu zvakawanda zvakanakisisa zvebindu, zvinongova zvinyengeri kuti usazvishandisa. Pachava pasina munda wekurima kunze kwezvinhu zvakasikwa. Kuora kwezvinhu zvakakosha ndeyekuti mbeu dzinodyarwa sei mumhando. Zvinosuruvarisa, tatova vagadziri vemasango uye tinowanzobvisa chero chinhu chakafa chirimwa chinowira pamashanga edu. Zvingava zvakakosha zvikuru kubvumira mashizha akawa kuti aparidze mumasango, apo ivo havasi kuzodyisa ivhu chete, uyewo kudzivirira kudengenyeka uye kunamatira ivhu.

  Nyaya yehupenyu yakawedzerwa kune ivhu revhu rinonatsiridza chimiro chevhu uye inopa zviduku uye zvipembenene. Iyo mikoko inobatsira inobatsira ivhu rako rinogona kutsigira, zvisikwa zvishoma zvishoma zvichapona. Vakomana vakanaka vanodya zvipembenene zvinokuvadza zvakadai semamatodes uye dzimwe mbeu dzinoberekwa nevhu. Vanosunungurawo michero yavo muvhu kana vachifa. Nokudaro michina inobatsira zvikuru iri muvhu, mishonga inowedzera ichava muvhu. Uye mhando dzakawanda dzezvinhu zvinokonzerwa nezvinhu zvinowedzerazve mimwe michero yevhu kune musanganiswa.

  Nyaya yehupenyu inewo acids inogona kuita kuti miriwo yemichero ive yakawanda yakawanda, ichivandudza kushandiswa kwemvura nemvura, uye inogona kuparadza maminera mukati mevhu, ichiita kuti iwane nzvimbo yemichero.

  Aina dze Organic Matter

  • Kompositi iyo inonzi poster mwana wezvinhu zvakasikwa. Kompositi iyo ipi zvayo yemhando yakashata yezvinhu. Iwe unogona kuzviita iwe pachako kana kuutenga nebhagi kana mutoro. Mushonga unopedzerwa unoratidzika sevhu rakakosha. Ima nerima uye ine furo yevhu. Nenguva iyo manyowa ekubika kubika, mbeu yemasora, fungus spores nedzimwe zvinhu zvisina kunaka zvinogona kunge zvakapinda mumugodhi wako, hazvifaniri kushandiswa. Kompositi inogona kuwedzerwa kumapindu ako panguva ipi zvayo, inogona kushandiswa muvhu kana kushandiswa sechando kana kupfeka kwepamusoro.

    Nepo inorayirwa kuti iwe unoramba uchigara masora, zvinhu zvinotapukirwa nemishonga uye zvirwere zvinorwara kubva mumugodhi wako, pane imwe neimwe mimwe yemhando yemiti yakasarudzwa.

  • Grass clippings

  • Leaves

  • Garden Waster (kubva weeding, akafaheading, pruning ...)

  • Vegetable Peels

  • Sawdust

  • Mavara

  • Pepa

• Manyore Makwegura emhuka yemhuka ndeyezvinhu zvakasikwa zvine bhonasi yakawedzerwa yemuviri wevhu. Mushonga wemhuka unofanira kuva wakwegura kwemwedzi 6 kusvika pagore, usati washandiswa kumunda. Manyowa matsva achapisa zvinomera zvako, angave ane mabhakitiriya anogona kukonzera chirwere kubva pakusangana uye inonhuwa. Iwe unogona kuwedzera manyowa matsva kumusanganiswa wemumumiti uye uite kuti zvivepo ipapo.

  Mhou, makwai nemafuta yekuku ndiwo marudzi anozivikanwa zvikuru, asi kune mamwe akawanda. Mvura yekudzivisa nekuda kwehutachiona hwehutachiona hwevanhu ndehwe: cat, imbwa, nguruve uye manyore evanhu.

• Mushonga weGreen Manyowi emuoriya anonyanya kukohwa zvirimwa zvakakura pamwe nechinangwa chekudzosa zvakare muvhu. Zviri pachena kuti izvi zvingava zvakakosha mumunda wezvirimwa kana mumubhedha wakangobva kugadzirwa apo kushivirira hakuzokuvadza zvirimwa zvisingaperi.

• Miti yakasiyana yegorosi inopa zvipo zvakasiyana. Mimwe, yakafanana negorofa, inokura mumidzi yavo yakadzika uye inoshandiswa kuputsa uye kusunungura ivhu rakaumbwa. Mbeu, clover, uye vetch, vanogona kubata nitrogen kubva mumhepo uye pakupedzisira vanoisunungura muvhu kuburikidza nemidzi yavo. Kana zvichibvumirwa kupararira, clover inonyanya kukwezva kune mapollinator uye zvipembenene zvinobatsira. Miti yose yakasvibirira ichapedza masora nekudzivirira kudengenyeka uye mhepo ine simba muzvikamu izvo zvingadai zvisingatauri. Uye ivo vose vanobatsira mukugadzira chimiro chakanaka chevhu uye chikafu chezvipembenene, kana zvichisimwa ndokutanga kuparara.

  Zvisarudzo zvakakurumbira zvemuti wekurima zvinosanganisira: ryegrass gore negore. bhari, buckwheat, clover, gorosi yechando uye rye yechando.

• Soviet Fertility

  Mishonga muvhu rako ndeyekupedzisira pakuvaka ivhu rakanaka. Kungofanana nevanhu, zvinomera zvinoda zvimwe zvibereko kuti zvikure nekudzivirira zvirwere. Organic fertilizer inogona kugadzirwa kubva kumiti, mhuka kana mineral uye inodzorera zvakatorwa kubva muvhu. Organic fertilizer inosunungurwa zvishoma nezvishoma, zvinoreva kuti mbeu dzinogona kudya sezvinofanira. Hapana kuchinja kamwe-kamwe mumuswa wevhu inogona kukuvadza mishonga yemakiriniki.

  Kuvaka ivhu rakapfurikidza inzira inopfuurira. Nokugadzira ivhu rakagadziriswa pakutanga kugadzira munda, iwe uchava nemusoro unotanga pakugadzira munda unogadziriswa webindu.

  Verenga zvakawanda nezvekurima nehupenyu mu Organic Gardening Essentials.