Izwi rokuti "kushamba zvakaoma" zvipfeko ndezvakaipa. Izvi zvinosanganisira kushambidza nguo mumvura inogadziriswa kuitira kubvisa ivhu uye tsvina.
Nzira yekushandisa makemikari panzvimbo pemvura yekuchenesa zvipfeko yakatanga neVaRoma avo vakashandisa ammonia yakabviswa kubva mumuti kuti vashambidze mvere dzemvere. Nzira yekuchenesa yakaoma yakagadzirwa kuburikidza nemazana emakore kusvika kuma1930 apo chlorinated solvent, perchlorethylene, yakava nzira inotungamirira yekuchenesa.
Ruzhinji rwevashambisi vakaoma, vanenge 80 kubva muzana, vachiri kushandisa sevhisi perchlorethylene kana "perc" nhasi. Zvisinei, United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) inofunga nezvehutano hwehutano uye hwemhuka. Mumakore ekuma1990 United States Environmental Protection Agency yakatanga kutonga kuoma yakachena makemikari uye kukurudzira vashandi vekuchenesa kuti vashandise kuchengeteka, kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakasununguka. Ichi chiito chakagadzira izwi rokuti "Green Dry Cleaning".
Chii chinonzi Green Dry Cleaning?
Gorofu yakaoma yekuchenesa inoreva chero imwe nzira inoshandiswa yakachena yekuchenesa iyo haina kusanganisira kushandisa perc. Imwe inonyowa kunyorera iyo inonyanya kushandiswa kweimba yekutsvaga. Zvimwe zvitatu zvinoshandiswa pakuchenesa mavara zvinotevera chimiro chetsika asi chinoshandisa kabhoni dioxide, hydrocarbon, kana elicon-based cleaners pane perc. Zvisinei, pamarudzi mana emamwe maitiro ekuchenesa anowanikwa muUnited States, maviri chete anonzi akachengetedzwa zvechokwadi kune zvakatipoteredza nevatengi.
Iyo inonaya yakachena uye inochenesa carbon carbon dioxide. Kana iwe uri kutsvaga kuchenesa kunononoka kwepakati pemhepo, bvunza yako yakachena yakachena iyo ndeipi nzira inoshandiswa mukuchenesa kwavo.
Wet Kuchenesa
Kuchenesa mvura kunoshandisa mvura uye zvinokonzera zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya kudarika zvigadzirwa zvemisha zvekuchenesa zvipfeko.
Mvura yakachena yakadziya ine makashandisi emashandisi uye makomisi uye unyanzvi hwokugadzirisa, kupisa uye kupedza zvigadzirwa kuti zvipfeko zvako zvionekwe zvakanakisisa. EPA inofunga kuti ndiyo imwe nzira yakachengeteka yekuchenesa maitiro nokuti pane "kushandiswa kwemishonga inokanganisa, hakuna dambudziko rinokuvadza, kusvibiswa kwemweya, uye kuderedzwa kunogona kuderedza mvura uye kusvibiswa kwevhu." Kunyatsotarisirwa kunotorwa kusati kwapera uye shure kwekuchenesa kunobata matanho kubva pasina chekushandisa inoshandiswa.
Mushonga Carbon Dioxide Cleaning
Carbon dioxide (CO2) yekuchenesa inoshandisa mvura CO2 sekushambidza kwemafuta pamwe chete newaini. Iyo mvura CO2 inoumbwa nokuisa gasi risingagoneki uye risingasviki pasi pekumanikidzika kukuru. Muviri we CO2 hauna chepfu uye inoshandiswa kupa carbonation kune zvinonwiwa zvinonwiwa.
Zvipfeko zvinowanikwa mune izvo zvinoratidzika sechimiro chakaoma chekuchenesa mhepo uye mhepo yakadzika inoyamwa. Iyo yekuchenesa tsvina inobva yasvikwa ne carbon dioxide mune zvose gasi uye mafomu emvura. Mushure mokunge zvipfeko zvicheneswa, mvura yakasviba CO2 inokonzerwa zvakare muchiteshi chekutakura kuti ishandiswe zvakare.
Iyo nzira ndeyokuti, zvichida, inonyanya kushamwaridzana nemamiriro okunze nokuti CO2 inotorwa sechinhu-chigadzirwa cheiyo iripo maindasitiri emitemo. Sezvo zvisingasviki zvitatu zvezana zve CO2 zvakashandiswa zvakarasikirwa mumhepo nemutoro wega wega wezvokupfeka, zvinokonzerwa nekupisa kwepasi hazvisi zvishoma.
Iyo nzira inoshandisa simba shoma kudarika yakashambadza yakaoma yekuchenesa nekuti hakuna chengetedzo yekupisa.
Kunyange zvazvo CO2 inowanzoitika uye isingadhuri, mishonga yekuchenesa yakaoma inodhura madhora 40 000 mumwe nomumwe achiita kuti mari isabvumirwe pamabhizimisi maduku maduku.
DF-2000 Hydrocarbon Solvent
Vamwe vanochenesa vanozvikurudzira segorosi kuburikidza nekushandisa "organic" solvent inonzi DF-2000. Izvi zvinogadziriswa neHycarcarbon inofanira kuve yakagadzirwa kubva ku petroleum. Kugadzirwa kwemakemikari kunosimudzira kushushikana kwezvakatipoteredza pamusoro pekupisa magasi zvikuru.
Silicon Based Solvent
Vamwe vanochenesa vanoshandisa nzira yeGreenEarth yekuchenesa panzvimbo ye perc. GreenEarth inonyanya kunzi sandiswa (SiO2). Inoshanda se silicone yakagadziriswa yakagadzirirwa inonzi siloxane kana D-5. Siloxane yakafanana nedzimwe dzezvigadziro zvinoshandiswa mukuveura miti yakasvibisa uye zvinodhaka.
Apo GreenEarth inoraswa, inopinda mujecha, mvura, uye carbon dioxide.
Mashoko akanaka ndeokuti hapana makemikari anobata nguo dzako. Zvisinei, kugadzirwa kwesiloxane kunoshandisa chlorine, iyo inodonsa dioxin dioxin munguva yekugadzira.
Ramangwana reKubwinya Kuchena Kuchena
Nyika yeCalifornia iri kutungamirira nzira kuenda kunzvimbo yakasviba yakaoma yekuchenesa nekuita kuti iparadze kushandiswa kwe perc kusvika 2023. Hurumende inopa kupa mari kune vanochenesa vanoshandura kubva ku perc kusvika ku CO2 kana kunatswa kwemvura. Dzimwe nyika dziri kutarisa mitemo yakafanana. Tsvaga kuchenesa kwakachena munzvimbo yako inoshandisa mvura yekuchenesa uye carbon dioxide yekuchenesa.