Nhau yeAbesbestos bhinge inotanga nemudzidzi uye mutengesi Ludwig Hatschek uyo akaberekerwa muCzech Republic musi waOctober 9, 1856. Ludwig akatenga firita yezvinhu zve asbestos muUpper Austria muna 1893 uye muna 1900 akabudirira mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu uye purogiramu yezvigadzirwa zveasbestos samende. Muna 1901 akavepa patentamende yake fiber cement uye akaitumidza kuti 'Eternit' yakashandurwa pane rechiLatini izwi rokuti "aetemitas" - rinoreva kusingaperi.
Hatschek ane kodzero yekutora asbestos shingles muEurope uye patent yakadzorerwa zvakare muUnited States muna 1907. Ludwig akafira muna 1914 achisiya mhuri yake ichienderera mberi nekugadzirwa pasi pezita rekambani, Eternit.
Muna 1904 mitsara miviri yekugadzira yakanga ichiputika nemhando yezvigadzirwa zvemafuro ekukwirira, honey comb slates, uye chikwata chechikwata. Vakakunda misika uye muna 1911 kubudiswa kwaive kushanda pakakwana uye zvigadzirwa zvaitengeswa kuAfrica, Asia, uye South America.
Yakagadzirwa kubva mukusanganiswa kweasbestos fiber uye hydraulic samente, asbestos-samende padenga shingles yakanga yakasimba, yakasimba uye inopisa moto. Vakanga vasingadi kuputika kana kuora uye vakanga vasingagoni kukuvadza kunokonzerwa nezvipembenene. Kwemazana emakore asbestos roof shingles yaifungidzirwa kuti inonyanya kukosha kupa ruzivo rwepamusoro, risina mari inoshandiswa kune dzimwe nzvimbo zvekufukidza denga.
Shingles yakagadzirwa nedanga kana ivhu rainyanyozivikanwa pakupera kwemakore makumi maviri.
Asbestos roof shingles yakauya panzvimbo uye yakange ichikurumidza kuva yakajeka zvikuru uye isina kudhura. Vaikurumidza kushandiswa muEurope uye gare gare vaida zvakakwana muUnited States.
Shinghesi yeAsbestos yakakosheswa pakupisa moto, kunyanya pakati peavo vaigara kumativi emakore ekumazana apo moto wakapararira kwaiwanzo kunetseka.
Kunyange zvazvo isingakwanisi kufanana nekutsungirira kwetikiti, asbestos shingles vaitarisira kupedza makore mashoma makumi matatu, vachiwedzera kuda kwavo. Vaivewo vanokoshesa nekuda kwekureruka kwakanyanya kuderedza mari inosanganisira kutumira uye kuiswa.
Kushandiswa kweesbestos-samende padenga shingles kwaikura pakuderera muUnited States. Mukutanga kwema1920, maAmerica pamusoro pezvinhu zvokugadzira zvinhu, Johns-Mansville, Carey, Eternit uye Century vose vaipa mhando yeaesbestos-cement kuveza shingle kune vatengi vavo. Imwe nguva yakawanikwa kuti mavara evaravara aigona kusanganiswa kuti aite chisarudzo chemavara chikumbiro chechigadzirwa chakasvibiswa.
Apo simiti yeAsbestos yakagadzirwa yakanga yave ichizivikanwa kuti micheka yeAsbestos yakanga inogona kukonzera zvirwere zvepulmonary uye inofungidzirwa kuti Eternit corporations angave akaziva nezvehunganganiso dzinganganisa hutano kubva pasimusi ya asbestos. Pakutanga, kunetseka kwaive kwakanyanya kune guru guru guru mune zvinyorwa zve-asbestos uye mafekitari aya akataridzirwa kuti avandudze ventiyumu segadziriro. Bhizinesi reUnited States of Labor Statistics rakashuma kuti vazhinji maAmerica makuru uye eCanada makambani emishuwarisi yehupenyu vairamba kutengesa mitemo kuvashandi vesbestostos kare muna 1918 nekuda kwehuwandu hwekufa kwevanhu vasati vasvika.
Muna 1929, kambani Johns-Manville yakanga ine yekutanga yepermonary chirwere kubva kuAsbestos. Mitemo yakaumbwa neMitemo yeAsbestos Industry Regulations muna 1931. Nyika dzeEurope dzakabatwa pakutanga, dzichiona njodzi sehutano hwemabasa. Vashandi vaimbova vachishanda mumashini eesbestos uye vakatamira kune mamwe mabasa vakatanga kuunganidza mari yekukuvara kwekutsvaga.
Mapepa akaenderera mberi kubudiswa kuma1930 ne1940s achitarisana neAsbestosis - chirwere chisingaperi chisingarapiki chichiita maronda mumapapu anokonzerwa nekuputika kweesbestos michina - uye nhamba yevarombo. Kunyangwe nemishumo pamusoro pehutano kubva kuvanhu vakanga vasina kubatanidzwa mukushanda kweasbestos asi vakanyorovesa guruva kunze kwebasa rakashanda. Kuwirirana kwakanga kuri kuitwa pakati peAsbestos and cancer yepapu uye mesothelioma - kenza yemapurmoni membrane.
Kunyange zvakadaro, kufarira muhukama huri pachena hwaiva muduku.
Kushandiswa kweAsbestos kunyika yeEuropean yakatanga kuderera pakati pe1940 ne1945. Mishumo yakaramba ichiuya kubva kuUnited Kingdom neUnited States nezviratidzo zvisingaiti zvehupenyu hweAsbestos. Kushandiswa kweAsbestos kunopfuurira muUnited States pamwe neshizha yekusimudzira asibestosi pane imwe nzvimbo. Vazhinji vakaurayiwa vakawira uye mamwe maitiro akaiswa kugovera kukanda kwemafirivhi asingasunungurwi. Kunyange zvakadaro, iyo indasitiri yakaramba nokuti yaiva nehanya nemari inobatanidza nekudzivirira kuchengetedzwa kwevashandi vavo.
Kukuvadza kweAsbestos kwaitanga kubvumidzwa uye kuiswa kwemazai akashandiswa pakugadzira maruva akatanga kutonga kuma1950. Pakupedzisira, muna 1989, asbestos yakave isina kutenderwa apo Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) yakabudisa Basa reAsbestos uye Phase Out Rule. Izvi zvakauya pazvitsitsinho zvekurambidzwa kwakatanga muna 1985 muUnited Kingdom.
Zvivako zvakawanda zvinenge zvine mazai e-asbestos pamapenga avo uye kana zviri mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka uye zvisiyiwa zvisina kunetseka, nguva zhinji haisi dambudziko guru. Kuvapo kweAsbestos mumba mako haisi ngozi kana kunze kwekuti zvinhu zvichange zvakuvadzwa uye zvadaro zvinosvika pamhepo, kusunungura michina inoita kuti ive nengozi yeutano. Maitiro mazhinji ehurumende uye emunyika ane mitemo inotarisa asbestos shingles uye kubviswa kwavo uye kurasikirwa nemumwe munhu kunze kweiyo inobvumirwa uye yakagadziriswa asibestokoni inogona kurambidzwa. Mvumo yehurumende inowanzodiwa, saka kana uri kutarisa kuti asbestos yako shingles agadzirwe kana kuti ashandiswe, iva nechokwadi chekutaura nechokugadzira chikwata uyo achakwanisa kukubatsira nemitemo yekubvisa asibesto yako.