Kugadzira Geek: Nyika Yakagadzira Iconic Eames Lounge Chair

01 ye11

Kugadzira Geek: Nyika Yakagadzira Iconic Eames Lounge Chair

Chinonzi chii? Eames (inonzi yakataurwa Ee-mm-zz) Lounge Chair

Ndekupi? Eames Office, 901 Washington Blvd, Venice, CA

Ndiani anezvo? Herman Miller

02 of 11

Kugadzira Geek: Nyika Yakagadzira Iconic Eames Lounge Chair

Munzira dzakawanda, kusikwa kwevanhu kwekupedzisira ndiyo tsika. Izvo hazvipo kunze kwepfungwa dzevanhu, avo vose vari chikamu chetsika dzakapiwa uye avo vanozvicherechedza kubva kunze. Zvose izvo vanhu vanoita zvinowanikwa mukati mehutsika, uye zvose zvitsva zvatinosika zvinopinda mumutsika, zvichidyisa kushanduka kwekusingaperi. Mibvunzo inobatsira yehupenyu, yakadai sekuti "tichagara kupi?", "Tichadyei?", "Ndiani ari kutarisira?", Uye "ndinofanira kuitei?", Zvose zvinopindurwa mumatsika. Apo tsika inotarisana nehutano hwehupenyu, kubatana nemibvunzo yakadai "Tichagara kupi / kudya / kurara / nezvimwe.", Ne "chii chinoratidzika chakanaka?", Tinozviti yakagadzirwa. Uye patinotarisa mhinduro dzedzimwe mimwe mimwe mitemo mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzawanikwa nekuda kweiyi mibvunzo yakagoverwa, tinoitumidza kuumbwa kwenyika yose. Asi izvozvo zvinogona kutsausa. Mukutsvaga kuumbwa kwenyika yose tinowanzotarisa zvinhu zviviri: zvinoshamisa uye zvakaitika. Asi izvi zvinogona kutitadzisa kusava nechokwadi chekuti hazvisi nguva dzose dzezvakaitika kare dzakaitika zvakaitika mazana emakore akapfuura. Uye kwete zvose zvakagadzirirwa pasi rose zvinokwira kubva kune zviuru zvemakiromita kure.

03 of 11

Kugadzira Geek: Nyika Yakagadzira Iconic Eames Lounge Chair

Zvinonyanya kuswedera kwatiri mune zvose nguva uye nguva ndiyo inyanzvi huru dzekuma makumi maviri nemakumi ezviuru zveAmerica, iyo inonzi Ray uye Charles Eames. Simba rinotungamirira musangano reEames rakashongedzwa, Charles naRay zvechokwadi vakanzwisisa kubatana kwakadzika pakati pemaitiro nemasikirwo. Pfungwa iyi inowanikwa mumatope maviri aCharles anowedzera: "Hatiiti unyanzvi, tinogadzirisa matambudziko (1)." uye "Pakupedzisira, zvinhu zvose zvinobatanidza (2)." Kwemakore anodarika makumi mana Eames 'akashandisa kugadzira senzira yekubatanidza pedo yese yehupenyu hweAmerica. Vari munzira vakava zvinhu zvose kubva kune vanyori kusvika kuvakorongi, vatori vemafirimu, vadzidzisi uye vamwe, vachisiya nhaka yezvinhu zvitsva uye zvisikwa zvinokurudzira muzana remakore rechi21 sezvazvakanga zvichitsanangurwa zvemashumi makumi maviri. Uye zvakadaro, ivo vaviri vane basa rekugadzira zvigadzirwa zvemhando dzakawanda pamwe chete nematayipi, nhamba inoshamisa yezviratidzwa, hurukuro uye mafirimu anopfuura 88, achiri kunyanya kuzivikanwa nezvigaro zvezvifananidzo zvinoramba zvichitevedza zita ravo.

04 of 11

Kugadzira Geek: Nyika Yakagadzira Iconic Eames Lounge Chair

Nguva yeEames yaiva nguva inokosha, kwete muAmerica chete asi nyika yose yakazara. Muna 1940, apo Ray, mudzidzi naCharles, mudzidzisi, vakasangana paCranbrook Academy yeArav pedyo neDetroit, rudzi rwacho rwaingobuda kunze kweGreat Depression uye makore mashomanana kubva pakupinda muHondo Yenyika II (3). Zvinoshamisa kuti chirongwa chinouya kuzotora mupiro wemuviri kune fesheni yekugadzira yakatanga vasati vatanga kushanda pamwechete.

05 of 11

Kugadzira Geek: Nyika Yakagadzira Iconic Eames Lounge Chair

Cranbrook Academy ya1940 Organic Design muNzvimbo Yokugadzira Imba yakakwikwidza yakafuridzira musangano wekugadzirira Charles Eames naEero Saarinen kuti vatange pfungwa itsva. Akafuridzirwa kusanganisa maitiro ekugadzirwa kwemazuva ano ne Industrial Age boon ekugadzirwa kwemahombekombe, dao aida kufadza chigaro kubva pane imwe chipande cheplywood chingave chichigadzirwa mumusha wemazuva ano. Kunyanya kukosha kuti chigaro chavo chisingadi kuti zvipfeko kana upholstery, zvivako zvenguva refu zvigaro zvepamusoro zvakaratidzwa sezvose zvinodhura uye zvekare (4). Kuedza kwacho kwaiva kukundikana. Apo Charles naEero vakabudirira kukunda mupikisano, kupinda kwavo, kuputika, kuputika kwemafuro akafukidzwa neupholstery yakanga isiri chidimbu chavakanga varota uye chaisakwanisa kubudiswa. Chikanganiso chinouraya chakanga chiri mukugadzira, kwete kugadzirwa. Ikoko kwakanga kusina nzira yakadaro panguva iyoyo yekukotamira plywood kuva mudiwa waidiwa kuitira sachigaro kushanda. Uye, mushure memamwe mashoma anoedza, Eero Saarinen akapwanya pfungwa yacho zvachose. Charles naRay, kune rumwe rutivi, vakagadzirira kuvaka chirongwa chavaida.

06 of 11

Kugadzira Geek: Nyika Yakagadzira Iconic Eames Lounge Chair

Pakazosvika 1941 vaviri ava vakaroorana, vachigara muCalifornia uye vachienderera mberi nekuedza kwavo kuumba plywood. Pakutanga Ray akashanda semufananidzo wekugadzira mifananidzo yeCall California Art and Architecture Magazine apo Charles aishanda kuHollywood (5). Kunyange zvazvo Kazaam, mhizha yakagadzirwa naEames 'kukotamisa plywood yakanga isingabudiriri mukusika mazamu anodiwa kuvaka chigaro, US Navy yaifunga kuti kubudirira kwavo mukukotama plywood kunogona kuva kwekuita kuhondo (ibid.). Chibvumirano chavakapiwa chakadaidza kugadzira zvigadziriswa uye zvigadziro uye plywood props ye ndege (6). Izvo zvipfeko zvinofanira kuva zvakakosha kuna Charles uyo, achishandisa iye pachake semuenzaniso, akarasikirwa nevhudzi rose pamakumbo ake kune nzira (7). Kunyange zvakadaro, nekuguma kwemakakatanwa eEames 'akanga atanga zvimwe zvikamu 150 000 zvigadziro zvevatasvi vemabhiza vakakuvara (8). Uye, vachitora mukana wekuedza kwenguva yakazara ivo vakazogadzirisa sainzi yekugunzva plywood kusvika pavanokwanisa kuishandisa kune unyanzvi hwekuita feniti.

07 pa11

Kugadzira Geek: Nyika Yakagadzira Iconic Eames Lounge Chair

Chizvarwa chekutanga cheEames chairaro chakatanga kuputika pamigero yekugadzira muna 1946 (9). Kuumba chigadzirwa chekupedzisira chaireva kurega chinangwa chepakutanga chekuumba chigaro chose kubva pane imwe plywood. Yakagadzikana isina chimiro uye yakanyanya kutengesa, pfungwa imwechete yakapa nzira yekunyengera kusinganzwisisiki kwezvidimbu zvakawanda izvo zvisinei zvakadaro zvakabvisa kunzwa kwechigaro chakanyatsogadzirirwa kubva pane imwe huni (10). Mugore rimwechete ivo vakaumba ushamwari naHerman Miller, vachishandisa mhando yavo yakagadzirwa plywood kuti vaite mapiritsi uye mamwe matumba (11).

08 ye11

Kugadzira Geek: Nyika Yakagadzira Iconic Eames Lounge Chair

Mushure memakore gumi ekushanda panguva iyo ivo vakapayona michina mune zvose kushandiswa kwepulasitiki yakaumbwa nematare ematafa emakona ekugara, Eames 'akadzoka kumidzi yavo, achifumura izvo zvingazomboonekwa sekuti tenzi wavo aishanda: shanduro itsva yechigaro chavo chakanga chave chichinyorwa . Ichi chimiro chitsva chechigaro chakaumbwa plywood chinenge chiri chigaro chekugara, imwe ine antometo inotevera kuti ipedze zvose zvemashoko uye manzwiro (ibid.). Uye, kufanana nemichero yeEames, nhau shure kwezvisikwa zvayo inenge yakakurumbira sechigaro pachako.

09 of 11

Kugadzira Geek: Nyika Yakagadzira Iconic Eames Lounge Chair

Kwemakore Eames 'akanga ave shamwari naBilly Wilder. Chiratidzo cheHollywood, Wilder yaionekwa somumwe wevatungamiri vakanakisisa vemakumi matatu, makumi mana uye makumi mashanu (12). Charles Eames akati nezvehukama hwavo zvokuti akadzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pezvokuvakwa uye chido chekugadzirwa kubva pakatarisa Wilder pachena (13). Paakanga achishanyira imwe yezvikamu zvake, Eames 'akacherechedza kuti pakati pekufambisa kwechiito chaive chakatorwa, Wilder aizozvigadzirira mhando yezvigaro zvekuchengetedza zvigaro zvekugara apo aigona kuwana kupera kwechinguva kubva kune mhirizhonga yaive yakawanda zuva. Akafuridzirwa neiyo microcosm yemunhu anotsvaka utiziro kubva maelstrom iyo hupenyu hwemazuva ano (uye zvichida kunzwa kuti shamwari yaivewo anozivikanwa mufirimu akafanirwa nzvimbo yakanakisisa yekugara) Ray naCharles vakaedza kuita maoasis avo madiki nenzira chair. Nzira dzakashata dzeplate yakaumbwa dzaizopa chigaro chekunzwa kwepanyama pachisanganiswa nechekacheka chekate kuti aise chidimbu, "manzwiro, manzwiro uye manzwiro [e] baseball mitt yakashandiswa zvakanaka (14)."

10 pa11

Kugadzira Geek: Nyika Yakagadzira Iconic Eames Lounge Chair

Kubvira muna 1956, chigaro pamwe chete nevavaki vayo vakaonekwa paImba yekuratidzwa nekutanga kweterevhizheni Arlene Francis (15, ona vhidhiyo pano). Kunyange zvazvo chiitiko ichi chinozivikanwa nekugadzirisa zita reEames rakagara razivikanwa kunze kwebhizimusi uye mumabhuku ekunyora emaAmerica, zvinonakidza nenzira iyo inoratidza kuti imwe nguva yakasiyana yeAmerica tsika yakabata sei kubatana kwemurume-uye- mudzimai wekugadzira boka. Kune chikwereti Charles haana kumbotadza kupa Ra rakaenzana chikwereti nokuda kwebasa ravo. Kunyange zvakadaro, Ray aiwanzozivikanwa nehuruzhinji semukadzi ari shure kwevanhu vane tarenda (16). Asi, panguva apo Ray akafira muna 1988, makore gumi mushure mekunge murume wake, nyika yakashanduka zvikuru uye basa rake somubati wemurume wake uye shamwari yake yakanga yatanga kuonekwa zvakajeka nevanhu vose.

11 pa11

Kugadzira Geek: Nyika Yakagadzira Iconic Eames Lounge Chair

Kuverenga kwakazara kweEames 'zvakaitwa zvinosuruvarisa kupfuura zvinyorwa zvezvikamu izvi. Saizvozvowo kushanda kwakakwana kwezvipo zvavo kune tsika dzeAmerica mumazana ekutanga kwezana remakore rechi20 zvingange zvisingagoni kuenzana. Kunyange zvakadaro, kugadzirisa kusina mhirizhonga uye kugadzirisa kwemazuva ano manzwiro evanhu vaviri vane maonero ekugadzirwa akazosvika kune imwe nzvimbo yekuratidzira pasi kuti vasvike kuAmerica makirasi, makamuri emitambo, masamuziyamu, mahofisi emitambo uye zvirongwa zveterevhizheni pasina mubvunzo akazosvika kumiganhu yenyika vachiratidza nzira iyo tsika dzeAmerica dzaifungwa kunyange sezvavakakanganisa nzira iyo maAmerica vakazviona ivo pachavo. Nhasi sezvo zvigaro zvakasiyana-siyana zvakasikwa zvakaramba zvichibudiswa, zvichinyorwa uye zvinoshandiswa kukurudzira zvitsva uye zvigadzirwa, vanotikumbira kuti tifunge, apo patinotevera tinozviwana tichitsvaga zvakanakisisa izvo nyika inopa, apo patinenge tiri iri pasi rose zvakare.