Chikonzero nei Tishandisa Botanical Nomenclature

Kwemakore anopfuura mazana maviri takashandisa muenzaniso wekugadzirwa kwezita rezvinyorwa zvemashoko (ndiko kuti, sita remasayenzi rinotumidza zita) rakatangwa naLinnaeus (1707-1778), mutauro wekusima mitemo inoshandiswa pasi rose. Kudyara kwemitambo ndiyo chirango chinotungamirirwa nehurongwa hwekugadzirisa hunoshandiswa nevanotanha uye mashizha ekugadzira michero uye kuvatsanangurira zvakajeka. Kuvandudza pane zvinyorwa zvakagadzirwa nevatungamiri vake, Linnaeus akareruka mazita nenzira ye "binomial" system.

Linnaeus 'binomial system inoshandisa rimwe zita rechiLatini kuti riratidze jenus, uye imwe kuratidza epithet chaiyo. Pamwe chete, jenisi uye epithet zvinosanganisira "marudzi." Nenzira, "binomial" zvinoreva "unozivikanwa nemazita maviri," kubva pachigamba chekutanga "bi-" (rinoreva "maviri") uye izwi rechiLatin rokuti "zita," nomen .

Semuenzaniso, mazita emhando yezvitsvaclature anotarisa chinotyisa cheAsia chinonzi Celastrus orbiculatus . Chikamu chokutanga chezita rokuti, Celastrus , ndicho chinonzi genus, yechipiri, orbiculatus , epithet chaiyo. Kunyange zvazvo imwe mbeu, nightshade inotyisa, inewo "inonakidza" muzita rayo, iwe unoziva pakarepo paunoona zita rechiLatini ( Solanum dulcamara , uko zita rekutanga rechiLatini riri re genus, nightshade, uye rechipiri nderokuti epithet chaiyo , bittersweet) kuti haina kufambidzana neCecidus orbiculatus ( Solanum uye Celastrus maviri maviri zvakasiyana zvachose). Chimiro chechitatu, chinoti , Celastrus scandens , inowanzonzi "bittersweet" (American bittersweet), asi zvinyorwa muzita rayo re botanical zvakajeka zvinozvisiyanisa kubva kumucheche wayo wekuMabvazuva.

Nuts and Bolts of Botanical Nomenclature

1. Izvo zvinyorwa is subset ye genus.
2. Ijeri inotanga nemusoro mukuru, asi tsamba yekutanga mune epithet chaiyo inonyanya-mhaka. Zvose izvi zvakanyorwa.
3. Mune mamiriro apo patinoshandura kubva kuLatin kuti tive nezita rairo, tinodzokorora urongwa hwemazita, tichiisa epithet pamberi pejeri. Izvi ndezvokwadi munyaya yaSolanum dulcamara (ona pamusoro), iyo inoshandura sezvinoreva bittersweet (kubva ku dulcamara ) nightshade (kubva kuSolanum ). Cherechedza, zvisinei, kuti zita rinowanzodikanwa pamiti isiri nguva dzose shanduro chaiyo yezita rechiLatin. Semuenzaniso, zita rinowanzozivikanwa neCecidus scandens (ona pamusoro apa) ndiAmerica bittersweet, asi shanduro chaiyo yeChiratini, munyaya iyi, haina chokuita ne "America" ​​kana kuti "inonakidza."

1. Dzimwe nguva mumiti yekusima, iwe uchaona zita rechitatu. Mune mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, tiri kungova kunyanya kutsanangura, kuverenga kwekusiyana mukati mezvipenyu. Kazhinji kazhinji, zita rechitatu rinoratidza chikarari (chirimwa zvakasiyana siyana); iyo inowanikwa mune imwechete zvinyorwa zvinyorwa uye tsamba yayo yekutanga inotorwa. Asi, dzimwe nguva, zita iri rechitatu rinoratidza zvakasiyana-siyana (maitiro akasiyana-siyana). Zita rakasiyana-siyana rinotanga kushandurwa, "var." Kunze kwekuti zita rakasiyana-siyana ndiro zita rakakodzera, tsamba yaro yekutanga haisati yakatorwa. Asi, sezita rejini uye epithet chaiyo, zita rakasiyana-siyana rinonzi italicized.
2. Dzimwe nguva asi rimwe shoko rinowedzerwa mushure mezita rejini uye epithet, iyo isiri idiari kana kusarudzwa nemashoko ekuti-zita remunhu iye akatanga kutsanangura muti. Aya mazita dzimwe nguva anopfupiswa. Apo zita racho rakapfupiswa se "L," rinomirira "Linnaeus."
3. Paunoona zita rejeri rakateverwa netsamba "x," inotevedzwa, zvakare, ne epithet, ichi chiratidzo chekuti muti uri musara pakati pemiti yemiti yakasiyana-siyana - "svibridi plant".

Sei tichishandisa botanical nomenclature? Nemhaka yei mazita evanhu vemazuva ose asingakwani? Tinoshandisa mazita emasayiti ezvesayenzi (kana kuti "mazita emiti yemasikisi") kuti arege kunyadziswa, sezvo ari mutauro wemarudzi ose wemarudzi.

Izvozvo hazvirevi kuti ivo, ivo pachavo havasi kumbovhiringidza; Bhodanists dzimwe nguva vanosarudza kuti ikozvino miti yemutero taxonomy "yakaipa" uye inoshandura zita racho. Asi, kazhinji, kushandiswa kwebhinomial system inotsanangurwa pamusoro apa inobudirira zvakajeka kudarika kushandiswa kwemazita anowanzoita mbeu.

Kutarisa kumusoro chimwe chimiro pane webhusaiti yangu nezita rebhodani, ndapota fungai mazita angu ezvesayenzi emiti . Usatya kushanda nemasclature botanical. Zvinogona kunge zvichiita zvinotyisa pakutanga, asi munguva pfupi uchakurumidza kuona mamwe mazwi anowanzoonekwa kakawanda, achigadzira mapepa: somuenzaniso, kushandiswa kwe reptans muzita re creeper .