Mafuta ekuchenesa akave achienda kure kubva pakatanga sara yakagadzirwa nemafuta ezvipfuwo uye ayo aipiwa kutengeswa muma1700. Kutanga kwekugadzirisa zvinokonzera kumusika munzvimbo dzema1950 zvakapa vaiti vekumapuradziro mamwe maitiro ekugadzira zvigadzirwa. Asi ndiyo yaiva ma1970 yakaunza iyo inonyanya kukosha mune zvitsva mukuchenesa zvakanyanya, kuwedzerwa kwe enzyme iyo "kurwisa" mhando dzakasiyana dzematanda.
Ndiyo ma enzymes anosiyanisa varume kubva kuvakomana pazvinouya pakushambidza kuchenesa.
Ndakanga ndine mukana wekugara pasi naDkt. Chuck Crawford uyo ane makore akawanda mune yekushambadzira michina yemabhizimisi mukutsvakurudza uye kubudirira kuzokurukura zvigadzirwa uye kusiyana kwemazuva ano ekuchenesa mafodya. Tsanangudzo dzake dzichakubatsira kuti unzwisise zvauri kuverenga pane yako detergent label uye kukubatsira kusarudza chinhu chakanakisisa chekuchenesa kwako.
Basic Detergent Formulas
Zvose zvinogadzirisa zvinogadzirisa zvinokanganisa zvakavanzika uye mishonga kuti ibudise marongerwo avo. Zvizhinji zvezvivako zvinogona kugadzirwa kubva kumiti; zvimwe zvakagadzirwa. Icho chiyero chezvikamu chimwe nechimwe uye kuti zvakabatanidzwa zvakakanganisa sei kuchenesa kwezvinodzivirira. Heino izvo zvikamu mukati mese yekushambadza chigadzirwa chezvinhu:
Alkalies:
Alkalies, chikamu chakakura mune zvakawanda zvekuchenesa zvinokonzera, zvakasvibiswa salts.
Zvinoshanda mukubvisa tsvina nematanda kubva mucheka pasina kunyanya kubvisa. Sesi yakasanganiswa yesimbi yemaal alkali yakafanana ne potassium kana sodium yakanaka inobvisa mafuta. Dzinoumba emulsion yemafuta kana mafuta akaoma akabatwa musimbiso. Izvozvo zvikamu hazviparadzanisi kubva mumvura uye hazvizodzikinuri pamucheka.
Sesi rekutanga nevadziki vezvinodzivirira vakashandisa madota emiti kuti vashandise alkalis - nheyo iyo inopindirana neasiti kuti irege kuideredza. Nhasi ivo vanogadzirwa nemakemikari kuburikidza nekushandisa magetsi kuburikidza nemvura yemunyu kubudisa sodium hydroxide (NaOH) kana caustic soda uye potassium hydroxide (KOH) kana kuti caustic potash. Idzi ndidzo dzinowanzoshandiswa maaralkin mumaspenji uye detergents.
Zvinhu zveAlkaline zvinowirirana mune simba razvo nechisimba chinokonzera kupisa uye kukuvadzwa mukati kana kunomedzwa. Simba reAlkali rinogonawo kuparadza micheka uye kusasiya zvipfeko zvinonzwa zvakashata kusvika kune.
- Mild alkali iri kubika soda (sodium bicarbonate)
- Ma alkali akaenzana anosanganisira mhuri ammonia, borax uye trisodium phosphate (TSP)
- Simba reAlkalies rinosanganisira kushamba soda (sodium carbonate) uye lye (caustic soda).
Vanoputika uye VaAnti-Redepositing Agents
Vakasangana nevakawanda ndeimwe yezvikamu zvikuru zvekuchenesa uye yekuchenesa michero. Vanopwanya mashizha uye vanochengetedza tsvina mumvura yekugadzirisa kuchengetedzazve kudhinda kwevhu kune imwe nzvimbo iyo yave ichangobva kubviswa. Vakasvibiswa vanoparadzira tsvina iyo inowanzosazadzika mumvura.
Zvakafanana nemafuta uye vhiniga saladhi yakagadzirwa. Hazvivhiringidzi kunze kwekuzununguswa zvakasimba muhombodo uye dzinoparadzanisa pakarepo pakarepo.
Izvozvowo ndezvechokwadi pakushambidza nguo. Vanosangana nevakawanda "vanozunungusa" ivhu iro rinowanzosazopedza mumvura, richiita kuti rirege kupararira uye rinogona kubviswa nemvura yekugeza.
Muzvinyorwa zvinokonzera anionic musoro weiyo molecule inopomerwa zvakaipa. Izvozvo zvakasiyana-siyana zvefosfactant zvakanaka kwazvo pakubvisa tsvina yemafuta nematanda kunze kwekuti une mvura yakaoma (mvura yakazara nemaminera akaita se calcium uye magnesium). Maminerari anochengetedza anionic anogadzirisa kushanda zvakanaka. Uchaona anionic surfactants akanyorwa se: alkyl sulphates, alkyl ethoxylate sulphats uye sese muzvigadziro zvinongororwa zve detergent yako.
Kana uine mvura yakaoma , iwe uchawana zviri nani kuchenesa mitsva nemunhu asingasviki ionic. Aya ma-molecules emagetsi haana magetsi. Iwe uchawana avo vanofambisa zvinyorwa vakarongerwa sev ethers emafuta ekunwa doro pahotera.
Unogona kuawana achibatanidzwa ne anionc surfactants kuti abatsire uye kukurudzira kuchenesa.
Mhando dzeSfactactants Mu Laundry Detergent:
- alkyl sulphates
- alkyl ethoxylate sulphates
- ethers ye-fatty alcohol
Basa Rinoshandiswa Muzvipfeko Muchenesa Detergent
- pH modifiers kuenzanisa acid uye zvigaro mumvura
- optical brighteners (bleach altern) kuvandudza maitiro ekuchena kuburikidza nekupenya chiedza cheVV uye kupa ruvara rwebhuruu
- mvura yakagadziriswa kuti ishandise mvura yakaoma uye inhibit dye kuendesa
- sasi rinodzora nesipo kana silicone kuti isadzivirira kupupuma kwakanyanyisa
- kuchengetedza kuchengetedza microbial kukura
Akakonzera Enzyme Mukuchenesa Detergent
Mazimbe emuviri anogona kuva chaiwo kana kushandiswa chemakemikari. Kusiyana kwemakemikisi kunotarisa ivhu rakasvibiswa uye chiito chinogadzirisa chinoita kuti ivhu rive mumakemikoro maduku kuti asuke.
- protease - inoshatisa mapuroteni akavakirwa nevhu
- amylase - inoshatisa mararamiro e starch kana kuti egaidhydrate
- cellulase - inoputsa pasi pamba yekotoni kusunungura ivhu
- lipase - inonyadzisa mafuta yakabva kune ivhu
- mannanase - inonyadzisa zvokudya zvakagadzirwa nedhu
- pectinase - inoshatisa michero yakawanikwa
Maitiro enyama anowanzoitika - anobatsira chingwa kusimuka nokukurumidza uye kuwedzera waini inobereka. Kubudiswa kwemakemikisi mumagetsi ekuchenesa kunoshamisa zvikuru kuchinja kwatinoita mbatya. Mazimbe emukati anotibvumira kushandisa mvura yakadzika yakadzika uye zviduku zvishoma kuti tiite izvo isu tose tinoda uye tinoda - nguo dzakachena. Kwemakore akawanda, nzira yakawanda nzira yekuwana nayo tsvina yakachena ndiyo yekushandisa mvura inopisa uye neshe yakasimba-based.
Mazuva ano, masayendisiti akasika zvigadzirwa zvemabhizimisi kana "white biotech", iyo inoshandisa masero enzyme kana zvikamu zvemasero kuti iite enzymes inoshandiswa inoshandiswa yekuchenesa mbatya. Industrial biotechnology ine simba rekuchengetedza nyika kusvika ku2,5 biliyoni matani emakisi e CO2 gore negore uye kutsigira kuvaka sarudzo yakasimba, maererano neshumo kubva kuWorld Wildlife Fund,
Mafuta
- zvinonhuwira zvinokonzera maonero ekuchenesa
Colorant kana Dyes Mukushambidza Detergent
Dhayi dziri kuwedzerwa kune unyanzvi hutsva kumunhu.
Havana kuita basa mukuchenesa. Kana uine ruvara rweganda, sarudza detergents isina dyes nokuti inogona kukonzera kutsamwa.
Nzira Dzakagadziriswa Sei Kushanda Kuchenesa Zvipfeko
Kuti uwane migumisiro yakanakisisa kubva kune imwe yekushambidza muviri, pane maitiro matatu emakemikari emagetsi, simba rinopisa uye magetsi zvinoshandiswa kushandiswa kushambidza mbatya.
Icho chemikemiksi simba, ndechechokwadi, yekuchenesa gadziri. Izvo zvinoshandiswa mumuchengeterwa gadziwa zvinosarudzwa zvinosvibisa mhinduro dzekupedzisira. Zvishoma zvinodhura zvinodhaka zvine zvishoma kana kwete ma enzymes. Hazvisi masero enzymes akaenzana kuderera kushambidza simba.
Simba rinopisa rine chokuita nekushisa kwemvura . Zvimwe zvinokonzera majekiti zvakagadzirirwa kushanda zvakanakisisa pamatambo akasiyana-siyana. Iva nechokwadi chekuverenga mazano kuti usarudze zvakanakisisa zvekugadzirira kwako.
Mechanical energy inobva kune waisher kana munhu anoshambidza maoko .
Nzira Yokusarudza Yakanakisisa Detergent
Pane zvakawanda zvezvisarudzo pakuchenesa mabhedheni emvura - mvura, poda, kushandiswa-kushandiswa kwemasero. Unosarudza sei? Chisarudzo chakanakisisa ndicho chinokodzera zvinodiwa nemhuri maererano nekubudirira kune ivhu rakasarudzwa, zvakasarudzwa nemunhu wekunhuhwirira, chimiro (powdha, mvura kana kuti imwe musero) uye mutengo.
Heino nzira yekutanga. Chengetedza mbatya dzemhuri yako - marudzi ematanda, chiyero chevhu. Kana zvizhinji zvehupfeko zvisinganyatsonaka zvakasvibiswa nemashamba mashomanana, unogona kuwana kuti mudziyo unodhura unodhura uye unhu hwakanaka hunotyisa hunoda zvose. Kana uine ivhu rinorema, kurovedza zvipfeko nemafuta akawanda omuviri uye zvakawanda zvekudya / mafuta / mavara kunze; iwe unoda basa rinorema detergent.
Zvadaro, verenga mabhuku ekuchenesa mabhadharo kana kuenda paIndaneti kuverenga zvinoshandiswa. Zvakakosha kutsvaga vafrefactants uye ma enzymes kuti vabvise ivhu uye matanho. Zviduku zvinodhura zvinodhura - zvigadzirwa zvemhando - zvine zvishoma zvezvikamu izvi uye hazvizochenesa zvakare. Iwe unogona kuwana kuti kuva nemaviri maviri pamashandisi ekuchenesa kwako achashandira zvido zvako - rimwe rekugadzirisa zvipfeko zvisingasviki zvakasvibiswa uye chimwe chezvipfeko zvakasvibiswa.
Kunyange zvazvo vakawanda vesergent vachishanda mumvura inotonhora, zviri nani kusarudza imwe yakagadzirirwa mvura inotonhorera kana iwe uronga kushandisa mvura inotonhora chete.
Iwe zvino unogona kuwana zvinodhaka uye mapupa mu concentrated kana ultra formula. Kunyange zvazvo rakapeteredzwa mumaduku maduku, inopa simba rakafanana rokuchenesa sevamwe vavo vakawanda vasina kufanira. Kuti uone mari yakakodzera yekushandisa, tevera mairaira mirayiridzo uye shandisa shamwari yako yekuyera kapi kana kuti iko. Izvi zvinongova nemvura yakawanda kana kuti zvigadziriswa zvakabviswa zvichiita kuti zvive nyore uye zvisingadhuri kutumira uye kuchengeta. Izvo -imwe nhamba mapepa nemapods zvinowedzera zvakanyanya uye zvinogona kukuchengetedza mari kuburikidza nekudzivirira kushandiswa kwepamusoro.
Vanhu vazhinji vakasarudza kuchenesa kwekuchenesa kunobva kunhuhwirira. Ingoyeuka kuti "kunhuhwirira kwakachena" hakusi kwakafanana nekuchenesa. Iva nechokwadi chokuti ivhu rinenge richibviswa uye kwete kungovharwa nemafuta.