01 of 07
4 Zvinonakidza Zvinhu Zvishamba zveEthiopia Zvingakuudza
Pinterest Bhasikiti kuisa ndeimwe yevanhu vekare vekushanda. Yakawanikwa mumazana emakore akawanda mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana mumarudzi asingaverengeki, vanhu nemapoka, mabhasi akavezwa akaenzana nehari uye mbatya sepakati pezvinhu zvekutanga uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvakasikwa nemaoko evanhu. Munyika dzakawanda dzeAfrica, sekumwe nzvimbo dzakapoteredza nyika, pane zvakasara zvakasiyana-siyana zvekutsika mabheji. Kubva pamatoroki eTutsi eRwanda kusvika kumaBhasiketi echiZulu eSouth Africa, nzira idzi dzinobatanidza maitiro emakore ekutanga uye chiratidzo chekushanduka kweaesthetics uye zvehupenyu hwevanhu vemazuva ano. Uye nepo huwandu hwezvitsva izvi zvakapinda mumararamiro akafuridzirwa edzimba dzemisha kumativi ose enyika, zvichida imwe yezvinyorwa zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa zveAfrica zvingangosanganawo mune imwe resitorendi seimba.
02 of 07
4 Zvinonakidza Zvinhu Zvishamba zveEthiopia Zvingakuudza
Kubata Muru Soles Chero ani zvake akambofadzwa nezvokudya zveEthiopia pane imwe resitorendi inonyanya kutarisa pane imwe nguva angave akasangana nemesob. Iri bhasikiti rakakura, rakakura pasi rakaderera ndiro nzvimbo yepamusoro yezvivako zvakadaro, zvichiunza kubata kwetsika tsika kuchiitiko chekudya. Chinokonzera kuti mesob ive yakasiyana ndeyekuti basa rekutanga nderekusaita chikafu chekuchengetedza, asi kuita sekudya kwevanhu kuti vadye kubva. Chimwe chikamu chinoshamisa chezvikapu izvi ndiwo anoshamisa mavara palettes uye mesmerizing patterns dzakagadzirwa muzvikamu chimwe nechimwe. Asi kufanana nezvinhu zvakawanda zvepasi pose zvine nhoroondo yakareba, mesob inokwanisa kuita zvakawanda kupfuura izvo zvinoratidzira pamusoro. Inogonawo kukuudza zvinhu pamusoro penzvimbo uye nguva iyo inobva kune iyo, kuchinja kwezvinhu izvo zvapfuura uye kunyange nzira iyo vanhu vakashandura munzira. Iwe unongoda kuziva mibvunzo ipi yekubvunza. Saka, kupa muenzaniso wezvinofanira kudzidzwa, hezvino zvinhu 4 zvinonakidza izvo mabhasikiti eEtiopiya anogona kukuudza.
03 of 07
4 Zvinonakidza Zvinhu Zvishamba zveEthiopia Zvingakuudza
Flickr Vanogona Kukuudza Nezve Nhoroondo uye Zvematongerwe Enyika
Kunyange zvazvo zvinowanzotsanangurwa seEtiopiya, Mesob mabhasikiti ndeye tsika huru yeHarari tswanda iyo inoshandiswa iyo inowanikwa kune zviduku-nzvimbo yeguta-guta rakakombwa nemasvingo eHarar kumabvazuva kweEthiopiya (1). Yakasvika pakakwirira mamita 885 pamusoro pegungwa, mumakomo ekumusoro kwenyika, Harar iguta rakavakirirwa rinozivikanwa nokuda kworusvingo rwaro rwemukati rwakagadzirwa mu 13 th century nemasuo mashanu okutanga anowirirana nemataundi mashanu eguta (2) . Kutanga kweguta pachako kwakanyanya kuoma kuti uwane (3). Zvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvinotaura zvakasiyana-siyana zvingangodaro, kubva kubva pa7 kusvika 11 muzana remakore rechi11 AD Guta rakanga risati riri chikamu cheEtiopia, uye rakapfurikidza nehuwandu hwematongerwe enyika, kuwedzera uye kuwira mukurumbira zvisati zvanyatsobatanidzwa muhurumende yakapoteredza muna 19th century. Nayo yose, guta racho rakaramba riri nzvimbo inokosha yekutengeserana, inobatanidza nzira dzekutengeserana pakati peEthiopia, Hondo yeAfrica uye Arabia Peninsula ine mapangwani akakwanisika anotengeserana kune dzimwe nzvimbo dziri kure (4)
Muna 1520 AD Harar yakazova guta reAdal Sultinate (ibid.). Kunyange zvazvo pakutanga yakatangwa nemaArab, sultanate yakanga iri pasi pekutonga kwevanhu veSomalia veWalashma Dynasty panguva iyo Harari yakazova guta guru (5). Kuva umambo hwakazvimiririra muna 1647 AD, Harar yakaramba iri nyika yake kusvika 1875, apo yakakundwa neEgipita pasi peIsmail Pasha kwemakore mapfumbamwe (6). Hondo yeChelenqo, iyo yakaona Harar ikava chikamu chekusingaperi cheEtiopia chakaitika muna 1887. Yakatanga apo Emir weHarar akatanga kutengesa kushamisika kweumambo hwekuEthiopia hwakanga hwakapoteredza, akatungamira panguva iyoyo naMenelik II. Zvichizoitika pakurwiswa, Harar yakatorwa nemauto aMenelik uye akabatanidzwa muItiopia nyika (7).
04 of 07
4 Zvinonakidza Zvinhu Zvishamba zveEthiopia Zvingakuudza
Pinterest Vanogona Kukuudza Nezvechitendero
Kukosha kweIslam kuHarar, uye kweguta kune kutenda, kunowedzera zvakanyanya kupfuura nzvimbo yayo seye guta guru raimbova sultanate. Harar inonziwo ndiyo yechina yeguta dzvene reIslam, inotevera Makecca chete, nzvimbo yekuzvarwa yeMuporofita Mohammed; Medina, nzvimbo yekutamira kwake uye nzvimbo yeguva rake; uye Jerusarema, iyo Koran inotaura seyese iyo yakabva iyo Muporofita akakwira kudenga uyewo yekutanga Qibla - mazano ekutanga kune maSulumani okutanga akadzidziswa kutarisana panguva yekunyengetera (8). Zvakakosha kucherechedza, zvakadaro, kuti kusiyana kweHarari seguta rechina reIslam kune nzvimbo yakakwana pane kurega kutenderwa. Kune vamwe vanoti zita racho, seguta reTaisia reKairouan. Kunyange zvakadaro, Harari yakanga iri, kwemazana emakore akawanda, nzvimbo inokosha yezvidzidzo zveIslam, nhetembo uye zvigadzirwa zvakadai sebhasiki (we). Nhasi guta racho rinoramba riri mumusha wemasikiti 82 uye zvinopfuura zana shrines, uyewo nhamba dzemataundi edzimba dzakarongeka nokuda kwekunaka kwavo uye dzakanaka mukati mekugadzira (10).
05 of 07
4 Zvinonakidza Zvinhu Zvishamba zveEthiopia Zvingakuudza
Kushingaira kweArabhu Vanogona Kukuudza Nezve Unyanzvi Netsika Yevanhu
Kwemazana emakore, kushambadzira mabhasikiti kwave kuri muitiro wekukosha wekudhiridzira weHarari, imwe inoteverwa kunyanya, kunyange zvichida kwete kwete chete, nevakadzi vepamusoro yezvidzidzo zvevanhu (11). Zvinhu izvo mabhasikiti akavezwa akabatanidzwa nemhando dzakasiyana dzemhando dzakasviwa kana uswa. Migir , simiti yakasimba, kazhinji yakasara isina kushandiswa, inoshandiswa senheyo yemakumbo achaita bhasikiti. Iyo mapepa akavezwa nehuni hwehudza hunozivikanwa neHarari segargara , uye kune mabhodji ekumadokero seEleusine jaegeri. Izvi zvinowanikwa, zvinowanzoiswa mahwanda, zvinoshandiswa semhando yekutsvaira zvose kurongedza bhasikoro rakapedzwa uye kubata chimiro chayo pamwechete.
Pakupedzisira q uarma rudzi rwemhando yehuta , iyo inoshanda basa rinonyanya kugadzirisa uye inoshandiswa chete kune kunze kwedengu ( 12 ). Nepo nzira dzetsika dzekuwedzera ruvara kune zvokugadzirisa zvinhu zvinosanganisira kuenzaniswa kwemavara echisikiro, mazuva ano kufa kunoda zvishoma kudarika kuwedzera poda yemakemikari dyes mumvura inodzika uye kuwedzera hutano hunotarisirwa uye mashizha kune musanganiswa (ibid.). Nepo vazhinji vanogara panguva yeHariari vane ruzivo rwekutsvaira iyo inoramba ichinyanya kufarira vazhinji vanocheka kutenga zvigadzirwa mumavara anenge adikanwa kubva kune unyanzvi hwekuchenesa mhuri dzeguta.
06 of 07
4 Zvinonakidza Zvinhu Zvishamba zveEthiopia Zvingakuudza
Ethnology Kugadzira bhasiki ndiyo inotyisa uye inotsanangurwa yekugadzira uye kubvisa, kushandisa zvishandiso zvakasiyana-siyana kugadzira ruzivo rwemagetsi ejemiometri. Nyaya yacho inowedzera kuoma nekuti kunyange iyo miitiro yekutanga yedengu inofanira kuve yakarukwa kunosanganisira maitiro ane mavara mazhinji. Ichi ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana izvo nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinofunga kuti dzinokodzera Harari basket iyo ichiita sounyanzvi (13). Mabhasikeri apera akaparadzaniswa kuita mapoka maviri zvichienderana neanoti ndeawo maitiro ekushongedza kana kushandiswa. Pakati pemakumi matatu ezvinyorwa zvinonzi basketball, makumi maviri nemaviri anowira muchikwata chekare nemamwe masere masere ekugadzira chikamu chechipiri ( 14 ). Kufanana nemamwe mabasa akawanda akaitwa kubva kumitambo yeAfrica, maitiro eHarari mabhasikiti ane mazita chaiwo, mazhinji ayo anotaura nhoroondo yeguta, avo vaimbova vatongi, vanokunda kana dzimwe nguva dzinoshamisa dzezvakaitika kare. Imwe nzira yakadaro yakadanwa, "Shield yeAmir," inoreva mavimbiso ayo akambotonga nyika yekutonga-nyika (15).
Bhasikiti weaving yakanga isiri iyo chete unyanzvi hunodiwa kuratidzira kuti mukadzi weHarari aiva nekubereka zvakanaka. Zvakakosha zvakaenzana nehutano hwemukadzi pakugadzira mabhasikiti ekugadzira pamadziro eimba yake. Zvose kusimba nekugadzirisa mabhasikiti kwaive chikamu chikuru chehupenyu hwevanasikana vakanaka Harari sezvavakanga vachitarisirwa nenguva yewanano yavo - kazhinji kacho mushure mekuyaruka munguva dzakapfuura - kukwanisa kubvisa mabhasikiti emadhora avo, kusanganisira mabhasiki maviri akafanana kuti aiswe kumukadzi vomukadzi uye mumwe wemurume wake kuti atakure naye (ibid.). Munguva ichangopfuura, mukuratidza kupera kwakananga mukugadzirwa kwemabhasikiti evanhu pakati peHarari, masangano akawanda emashiripiti akwira mukati meguta rakakomberedzwa revakadzi vachitarisa kuchengetedza tsika kunze kwezvakanaka zvekugadzirwa kwevatengesi ( 16 ).
07 of 07
4 Zvinonakidza Zvinhu Zvishamba zveEthiopia Zvingakuudza
AphroChic Vangangokutaurira Nezvimwe Zvokudya Unofarira
Pakupedzisira, kunyange mabhasikiti eHarari angangowanzoonekwa munzvimbo yako yekutengesa yekuEthiopia, haasi vese vemufambi vejeri iyo inokonzera vanhu vakanaka veHarari chikwereti chekuonga. Itiopiya yave ichizivikanwa kwenguva refu seimba yepakutanga yekofi. Harrar, iri pedyo neguta reKeffa kubva kune kofi inotumidza zita rayo inowanzofungidzirwa kuti ndiyo imba yekutanga yekugadzirwa kwekhofi, zvichiita kuti zviitike kuti simiti nechinwa chiendwe uye zvigoverwe munyika yose (17).
